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Pine Script® v5 User Manual v5 documentation
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Pine Script
®
v5 User Manual
Table Of Contents
Welcome to Pine Script
®
v5
Pine Script
®
primer
Language
Concepts
Writing scripts
FAQ
Error messages
Release notes
Migration guides
Where can I get more information?
User Manual
Pine Script
®
v5 User Manual
Pine Script
®
v5 User Manual
¶
Welcome to Pine Script
®
v5
Pine Script
®
primer
First steps
Introduction
Using scripts
Reading scripts
Writing scripts
First indicator
The Pine Script
®
Editor
First version
Second version
Next
Next steps
“indicators” vs “strategies”
How scripts are executed
Time series
Publishing scripts
Getting around the Pine Script
®
documentation
Where to go from here?
Language
Execution model
Calculation based on historical bars
Calculation based on realtime bars
Events triggering the execution of a script
More information
Historical values of functions
Time series
Script structure
Version
Declaration statement
Code
Comments
Line wrapping
Compiler annotations
Identifiers
Operators
Introduction
Arithmetic operators
Comparison operators
Logical operators
`?:` ternary operator
`[ ]` history-referencing operator
Operator precedence
`=` assignement operator
`:=` reassignement operator
Variable declarations
Introduction
Variable reassignment
Declaration modes
Conditional structures
Introduction
`if` structure
`switch` structure
Matching local block type requirement
Loops
Introduction
`for`
`while`
Type system
Introduction
Using forms and types
`na` value
Type templates
Type casting
Tuples
Built-ins
Introduction
Built-in variables
Built-in functions
User-defined functions
Introduction
Single-line functions
Multi-line functions
Scopes in the script
Functions that return multiple results
Limitations
Objects
Introduction
Creating objects
Changing field values
Collecting objects
Copying objects
Shadowing
Methods
Introduction
Built-in methods
User-defined methods
Method overloading
Advanced example
Arrays
Introduction
Declaring arrays
Reading and writing array elements
Looping through array elements
Scope
History referencing
Inserting and removing array elements
Calculations on arrays
Manipulating arrays
Searching arrays
Error handling
Matrices
Introduction
Declaring a matrix
Reading and writing matrix elements
Rows and columns
Looping through a matrix
Copying a matrix
Scope and history
Inspecting a matrix
Manipulating a matrix
Matrix calculations
Error handling
Maps
Introduction
Declaring a map
Reading and writing
Looping through a map
Copying a map
Scope and history
Maps of other collections
Concepts
Alerts
Introduction
Script alerts
`alertcondition()` events
Avoiding repainting with alerts
Backgrounds
Bar coloring
Bar plotting
Introduction
Plotting candles with `plotcandle()`
Plotting bars with `plotbar()`
Bar states
Introduction
Bar state built-in variables
Example
Chart information
Introduction
Prices and volume
Symbol information
Chart timeframe
Session information
Colors
Introduction
Constant colors
Conditional coloring
Calculated colors
Mixing transparencies
Tips
Fills
Introduction
`plot()` and `hline()` fills
Line fills
Inputs
Introduction
Input functions
Input function parameters
Input types
Other features affecting Inputs
Tips
Levels
`hline()` levels
Fills between levels
Libraries
Introduction
Creating a library
Publishing a library
Using a library
Lines and boxes
Introduction
Lines
Boxes
Realtime behavior
Limitations
Examples
Non-standard charts data
Introduction
`ticker.heikinashi()`
`ticker.renko()`
`ticker.linebreak()`
`ticker.kagi()`
`ticker.pointfigure()`
Plots
Introduction
`plot()` parameters
Plotting conditionally
Levels
Offsets
Plot count limit
Scale
Repainting
Introduction
Historical vs realtime calculations
Plotting in the past
Dataset variations
Sessions
Introduction
Session strings
Session states
Using sessions with `request.security()`
Strategies
Introduction
A simple strategy example
Applying a strategy to a chart
Strategy tester
Broker emulator
Orders and entries
Position sizing
Closing a market position
OCA groups
Currency
Altering calculation behavior
Simulating trading costs
Risk management
Margin
Strategy Alerts
Notes on testing strategies
Tables
Introduction
Creating tables
Tips
Text and shapes
Introduction
`plotchar()`
`plotshape()`
`plotarrow()`
Labels
Time
Introduction
Time variables
Time functions
Formatting dates and time
Timeframes
Introduction
Timeframe string specifications
Comparing timeframes
Writing scripts
Style guide
Introduction
Naming Conventions
Script organization
Spacing
Line wrapping
Vertical alignment
Explicit typing
Debugging
Introduction
The lay of the land
Displaying numeric values
Displaying strings
Debugging conditions
Debugging from inside functions
Debugging from inside `for` loops
Tips
Publishing scripts
Script visibility and access
Preparing a publication
Publishing a script
Updating a publication
Limitations
Introduction
Time
Chart visuals
`request.*()` calls
Script size and memory
Other limitations
FAQ
Get real OHLC price on a Heikin Ashi chart
Get non-standard OHLC values on a standard chart
Plot arrows on the chart
Plot a dynamic horizontal line
Plot a vertical line on condition
Access the previous value
Get a 5-days high
Count bars in a dataset
Enumerate bars in a day
Find the highest and lowest values for the entire dataset
Query the last non-na value
Error messages
The if statement is too long
Script requesting too many securities
Script could not be translated from: null
line 2: no viable alternative at character ‘$’
Mismatched input <…> expecting <???>
Loop is too long (> 500 ms)
Script has too many local variables
Pine Script
®
cannot determine the referencing length of a series. Try using max_bars_back in the indicator or strategy function
Release notes
2023
September 2023
August 2023
July 2023
June 2023
May 2023
April 2023
March 2023
February 2023
January 2023
2022
December 2022
November 2022
October 2022
September 2022
August 2022
July 2022
June 2022
May 2022
April 2022
March 2022
February 2022
January 2022
2021
December 2021
November 2021
October 2021
September 2021
July 2021
June 2021
May 2021
April 2021
March 2021
February 2021
January 2021
2020
December 2020
November 2020
October 2020
September 2020
August 2020
July 2020
June 2020
May 2020
April 2020
March 2020
February 2020
January 2020
2019
December 2019
October 2019
September 2019
July-August 2019
June 2019
2018
October 2018
April 2018
2017
August 2017
June 2017
May 2017
April 2017
March 2017
February 2017
2016
December 2016
October 2016
September 2016
July 2016
March 2016
February 2016
January 2016
2015
October 2015
September 2015
July 2015
June 2015
April 2015
March 2015
February 2015
2014
August 2014
July 2014
June 2014
April 2014
February 2014
2013
Migration guides
To Pine Script
®
version 5
Introduction
v4 to v5 converter
Renamed functions and variables
Renamed function parameters
Removed an `rsi()` overload
Reserved keywords
Removed `iff()` and `offset()`
Split of `input()` into several functions
Some function parameters now require built-in arguments
Deprecated the `transp` parameter
Changed the default session days for `time()` and `time_close()`
`strategy.exit()` now must do something
Common script conversion errors
All variable, function, and parameter name changes
To Pine Script
®
version 4
Converter
Renaming of built-in constants, variables, and functions
Explicit variable type declaration
To Pine Script
®
version 3
Default behaviour of security function has changed
Self-referenced variables are removed
Forward-referenced variables are removed
Resolving a problem with a mutable variable in a security expression
Math operations with booleans are forbidden
Where can I get more information?
External resources
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