Suppose, we have a Heikin Ashi chart (or Renko, Kagi, PriceBreak etc)
and we’ve added a pine script on it:
//@version=4
study("Visible OHLC", overlay=true)
c = close
plot(c)
You may see that variable c is a Heikin Ashi close price which is
not the same as real OHLC price. Because close built-in variable is
always a value that corresponds to a visible bar (or candle) on the
chart.
So, how do we get the real OHLC prices in Pine Script code, if current
chart type is non-standard? We should use security function in
combination with tickerid function. Here is an example:
//@version=4
study("Real OHLC", overlay=true)
t = tickerid(syminfo.prefix, syminfo.ticker)
realC = security(t, timeframe.period, close)
plot(realC)
In a similar way we may get other OHLC prices: open, high and low.
Backtesting on non-standard chart types (e.g. Heikin Ashi or Renko) is
not recommended because the bars on these kinds of charts do not
represent real price movement that you would encounter while trading. If
you want your strategy to enter and exit on real prices but still use
Heikin Ashi-based signals, you can use the same method to get Heikin
Ashi values on a regular candlestick chart:
//@version=4
strategy("BarUpDn Strategy", overlay=true, default_qty_type = strategy.percent_of_equity, default_qty_value = 10)
maxIdLossPcnt = input(1, "Max Intraday Loss(%)", type=input.float)
strategy.risk.max_intraday_loss(maxIdLossPcnt, strategy.percent_of_equity)
needTrade() => close > open and open > close[1] ? 1 : close < open and open < close[1] ? -1 : 0
trade = security(heikinashi(syminfo.tickerid), timeframe.period, needTrade())
if (trade == 1)
strategy.entry("BarUp", strategy.long)
if (trade == -1)
strategy.entry("BarDn", strategy.short)
You may use plotshape with style shape.arrowup and shape.arrowdown:
//@version=4
study('Ex 1', overlay=true)
data = close >= open
plotshape(data, color=color.lime, style=shape.arrowup, text="Buy")
plotshape(not data, color=color.red, style=shape.arrowdown, text="Sell")
You may use plotchar function with any unicode character:
//@version=4
study('buy/sell arrows', overlay=true)
data = close >= open
plotchar(data, char='↓', color=color.lime, text="Buy")
plotchar(data, char='↑', location=location.belowbar, color=color.red, text="Sell")
There is function hline in pine. But it is now limited to only plot
constant value. Here is a Pine Script with workaround to plot changing
hline:
//@version=4
study("Horizontal line", overlay=true)
plot(close[10], trackprice=true, offset=-9999)
// trackprice=true plots horizontal line on close[10]
// offset=-9999 hides the plot
plot(close, color=#FFFFFFFF) // forces to show study
//@version=4
study("Vertical line", overlay=true, scale=scale.none)
// scale.none means do not resize the chart to fit this plot
// if the bar being evaluated is the last baron the chart (the most recent bar), then cond is true
cond = barstate.islast
// when cond is true, plot a histogram with a line with height value of 100,000,000,000,000,000,000.00
// (10 to the power of 20)
// when cond is false, plot no numeric value (nothing is plotted)
// use the style of histogram, a vertical bar
plot(cond ? 10e20 : na, style=plot.style_histogram)
//@version=4
//...
s = 0.0
s := nz(s[1]) // Accessing previous values
if (condition)
s := s + 1
Lookback 5 days from the current bar, find the highest bar, plot a star
character at that price level above the current bar
//@version=4
study("Range Analysis", overlay=true)
// find which bar is 5 days away from the current time
milliseconds_in_5days = 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 5 // millisecs * secs * min * hours * days
// plot(milliseconds_in_5days, title="ms in 5d", style=circles) //debug
// subtract timestamp of the bar being examined from the current time
// if value is less than 5 days ago, set variable "leftborder" as true
// this is set true at the bar being examined as the left border of the 5 days lookback window range
leftborder = timenow - time < milliseconds_in_5days // true or na when false
// plot(leftborder ? 1 : na, title="bar within leftborder") //debug
// plot(time, title="bartime") //debug
// plot(timenow - time, title="timenow minus bartime") //debug
// treat the last bar (most recent bar) as the right edge of the lookback window range
rightborder = barstate.islast
// initialize variable "max" as na
max = float(na)
// if bar being examined is not within the lookback window range (i.e., leftborder = false)
// change the variable "max" to be na
// else, test if value of "max" stored in the previous bar is na
// (bcuz first bar being examined in the lookback window will not have a previous value ),
// if it is na, use the high of the current bar,
// else, use the value of "max" stored in the previous bar
max := not leftborder ? na : na(max[1]) ? high : max[1]
// plot(max ? max : na, title="max b4 compare") // debug
// compare high of current bar being examined with previous bar's high
// if curr bar high is higher than the max bar high in the lookback window range
if high > max // we have a new high
max := high // change variable "max" to use current bar's high value
max
// else keep the previous value of max as the high bar within this lookback window range
// plot(max ? max : na, title="max after compare") //debug
// if examining the last bar (newest bar, rightborder is true)
// set variable "val" to the previous value of series variable "max"
// else set to na so nothing is plotted
val = rightborder ? max[1] : na
// if val is true (a number, not na)
// plot character
// since no character is specified, a "star" will be plotted
// location.absolute uses the value of val as the y axis value
// the x axis location will be the last bar (newest bar)
plotchar(val, size=size.normal, location=location.absolute)
// fill the background of the 5 days lookback window range with aqua color
bgcolor(leftborder and not rightborder ? color.aqua : na, transp=70)
Get a count of all the bars in the loaded dataset. Might be useful for
calculating flexible lookback periods based on number of bars.
//@version=4
study("Bar Count", overlay=true, scale=scale.none)
plot(bar_index + 1, style=plot.style_histogram)
//@version=4
study("My Script", overlay=true, scale=scale.none)
is_new_day() =>
d = dayofweek
na(d[1]) or d != d[1]
plot(barssince(is_new_day()), style=plot.style_cross)
//@version=4
study("My Script")
biggest(series) =>
max = 0.0
max := nz(max[1], series)
if series > max
max := series
max
smallest(series) =>
min = 0.0
min := nz(min[1], series)
if series < min
min := series
min
plot(biggest(close), color=color.green)
plot(smallest(close), color=color.red)
You can use the script below to avoid gaps in a series:
//@version=4
study("My Script")
series = close >= open ? close : na
vw = valuewhen(not na(series), series, 0)
plot(series, style=plot.style_linebr, color=color.red) // series has na values
plot(vw) // all na values are replaced with the last non-empty value