How Key Fundamentals Can Play A Key Role In Your InvestmentsAs popular as Technical Analysis is with the ease of plotting indicators and tools to exhibit trend changes, Fundamental Analysis also plays a role not as simply demonstrated but equally as important!
Now when it comes to Fundamentals, there are a few key financial items that feed investors all the hints they need to potentially make fairly profitable investments and avoid devastatingly horrible mistakes and these are:
1) Income Statement
2) Balance Sheet
3) Cash Flow
The Income Statement retains the most mentioned fundamental metrics like Revenue which is how much money a company makes by selling their goods and services, Operating Expenses like Marketing and Research and Development.
Here I use NYSE:ACHR Income Statement for the example
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Even though Archer Aviation still has yet to post any Revenue, news for the company that's come out lately show a strong demand for NYSE:ACHR product and services:
- Signing a partnership with Korean Air to commercialize its electric air taxis in South Korea, with a potential purchase of up to 100 aircraft.
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- Named exclusive Air Taxi partner for the Los Angeles Sports & Entertainment Commission who will be hosting the 2026 World Cup.
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And with Archer Aviation acquiring Lilium's Patent Portfolio this month adding 300 Patent assets, pushing Archers total patents to exceed 1,000 assets globally, shows rapid expansion potential for the company against competitors!
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Now for the Balance Sheet
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The Balance Sheet can determine how healthy a company is and produces 3 important factors that basically determine a company's Net Worth and they are:
1) Assets - What the company owns
2) Liabilities - What the company owes
3) Equity - Whats left of the Assets once Liabilities are accounted for
We can see that NYSE:ACHR has maintained a stunning balance between their Assets and Liabilities with Assets just about doubling in Q'2 of 2025 from Q'4 2024 and Liabilities all the while staying relatively the same and low!
Meaning less hurdles to jump and obstacles to pay off that could slow the progress of growth in the long-term with great Equity!
Finally, the Cash Flow
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Cash Flow is a companies true way of transparency with showing the flow of cash in and out of the company and shows what's actually generated by the company from doing business and is separated in 3 sections:
1) Operating Activities
2) Investing Activities
3) Financing Activities
Now we can see Operating and Investing activities may not be NYSE:ACHR strong suit yet, but as Financing goes, numbers have continued to rise exponentially since Q'2 of 2024!
This suggests there is a lot of interest in the company from outside lenders and investors!
Like the saying goes, "Sometimes it takes belief in others belief in you before you gain belief in yourself." - Financial Activities could help carry NYSE:ACHR further!
** Remember, nothing in trading no matter how Technical or Fundamental is ever 100% right every time. It takes a combined effort of both Technical and Fundamentals to paint a vivid picture of what a company or asset may be worth or doing. So do your due diligence in research!
Don't Ask What To Invest In, Ask Why Invest In It!!
Incomestatement
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What should I look at in the Income Statement?The famous value investor, Mohnish Pabrai , said in one of his lectures that when he visited Warren Buffett, he noticed a huge handbook with the financial statements of thousands of public companies. It's a very dull reading, isn't it? Indeed, if you focus on every statement item - you'll waste a lot of time and sooner or later fall asleep. However, if you look at the large volumes of information from the perspective of an intelligent investor, you can find great interest in the process. It is wise to identify for yourself the most important statement items and monitor them in retrospect (from quarter to quarter).
In previous posts, we've broken down the major items on the Income statement and the EPS metric:
Part 1: The Income statement: the place where profit lives
Part 2: My precious-s-s-s EPS
Let's now highlight the items that interest me first. These are:
- Total revenue
The growth of revenue shows that the company is doing a good job of marketing the product, it is in high demand, and the business is increasing its scale.
- Gross profit
This profit is identical to the concept of margin. Therefore, an increase in gross profit indicates an increase in the margin of the business, i.e. its profitability.
- Operating expenses
This item is a good demonstration of how the management team is dealing with cost reductions. If operating expenses are relatively low and decreasing while revenue is increasing, that's terrific work by management, and you can give it top marks.
- Interest expense
Interest on debts should not consume a company's profits, otherwise, it will not work for the shareholders, but for the banks. Therefore, this item should also be closely monitored.
- Net income
It's simple here. If a company does not make a profit for its shareholders, they will dump its shares*.
*Now, of course, you can dispute with me and give the example of, let's say, Tesla shares. There was a time when they were rising, even when the company was making losses. Indeed, Elon Musk's charisma and grand plans did the trick - investors bought the company's stock at any price. You could say that our partner Mr. Market was truly crazy at the time. I'm sure you can find quite a few such examples. All such cases exist because investors believe in future profits and don't see current ones. However, it is important to remember that sooner or later Mr. Market sobers up, the hype around the company goes away, and its losses stay with you.
- EPS Diluted
You could say it's the money the company earns per common share.
So, I'm finishing up a series of posts related to the Income statement. This statement shows how much the company earns and how much it spends over a period (quarter or year). We've also identified the items that you should definitely watch out for in this report.
That's all for today. In the next post, we will break down the last of the three financial statements of a public company - the Cash Flow Statement.
Goodbye and see you later!


