Market Pressure Regime [Interakktive]The Market Pressure Regime (MPR) is a 4-state market classifier that models how structural forces create "pressure zones" — regions where price movement is either supported (Release) or suppressed (Pinned) by market microstructure.
It combines compression analysis, follow-through efficiency, and stress detection into a composite pressure score, classifying markets into Release, Suppressed, Transition, or Trap states — helping traders understand WHY price is moving (or not moving) in the current environment.
█ USAGE
MPR addresses a core question traders face: Is the market in a regime where directional moves are likely to follow through, or is it structurally pinned?
For swing traders, MPR identifies Release phases where momentum strategies work best, and Suppressed phases where mean reversion dominates.
For day traders, it highlights Trap conditions — high effort with no follow-through — where reversals are probable and trend entries fail.
🔹 The 4-State Model
The indicator classifies markets into four distinct regimes:
• Release (Teal): Pressure score ≥ +5. Directional flow dominates. Price moves efficiently with follow-through. Favor trend continuation.
• Suppressed (Grey): Pressure score ≤ -5. Compression dominates. Price is range-bound or pinned. Fade extremes, expect reversion.
• Transition (Amber): Score between thresholds OR instability detected. Regime is uncertain — wait for confirmation before committing.
• Trap (Magenta): High stress + low follow-through. Effort without result. Expect reversals.
🔹 Reading the Pressure Histogram
The histogram displays the composite Pressure Score (range approximately -100 to +100):
• Positive values: Follow-through exceeds compression. Market is "releasing" — directional moves are supported.
• Negative values: Compression exceeds follow-through. Market is "suppressed" — price movement is constrained.
• Color reflects confirmed state: The histogram uses persistence filtering — a state must hold for N bars before the color changes, preventing false signals from noise.
🔹 The 5-Stage Calculation
MPR synthesizes five analytical stages into the final state:
1. Compression Score: Measures how tight the current range is relative to ATR. High compression suggests structural forces are pinning price.
2. Follow-Through Score: Measures price path efficiency (MER-style). Efficient moves indicate genuine directional flow, not chop.
3. Stress Score: Detects effort-without-result (ERD-style). High volume or range with no price progress = absorption.
4. Composite Pressure: Combines follow-through and compression into a single directional score.
5. Persistence Filter: Requires states to hold for configurable bars before confirming, eliminating flickering.
█ SETTINGS
Core Settings
• ATR Length: Period for volatility normalization. Default 14.
• Baseline Lookback: Period for compression and efficiency baselines. Default 20.
• Volume Average Length: Period for stress calculation baseline. Default 20.
State Classification
• Release Threshold: Pressure score above this = Release. Default +5.
• Suppressed Threshold: Pressure score below this = Suppressed. Default -5.
• Trap Threshold: Stress score above this (with low follow-through) = Trap. Default 30.
• Persistence Bars: Bars required to confirm state change. Default 3.
• Stability Lookback: Period for stability calculation. Default 20.
• Stability Threshold: Below this = forced Transition state. Default 0.5.
Visual Settings
• Show Pressure Histogram: Display the main pressure score histogram.
• Show Zero Line: Display the zero reference line.
• Show Background Tint: Subtle background color by state (default OFF).
Data Window
• Show Data Window Values: Export all calculated scores for analysis.
█ INTERPRETATION GUIDE
When to Use Trend Strategies (Release):
• Histogram tall and positive
• Teal coloring confirmed
• Price making efficient higher highs or lower lows
When to Use Mean Reversion (Suppressed):
• Histogram flat or negative
• Grey coloring confirmed
• Price oscillating without follow-through
When to Wait (Transition):
• Amber coloring
• Mixed signals — don't force trades
• Wait for state to resolve
When to Expect Reversals (Trap):
• Magenta coloring
• High volume moves that don't stick
• Often occurs at structural inflection points
█ COMPLEMENTARY TOOLS
MPR pairs well with:
• Volatility State Index (VSI) — Confirms whether volatility is expanding into the pressure regime
• Effort-Result Divergence (ERD) — Provides bar-by-bar absorption/vacuum detection
• Market Efficiency Ratio (MER) — Validates follow-through quality
█ SUITABLE MARKETS
Works across all liquid markets:
• Equities: SPY, QQQ, liquid single stocks
• Futures: ES, NQ, CL, GC
• Crypto: BTC, ETH
• Forex: Major pairs
Works on any timeframe, but 1H–Daily provides cleanest regime classification. Intraday (5m–15m) useful for session-level tactical decisions.
█ OPEN SOURCE
This indicator is open-source for educational purposes. Review the code to understand the full calculation methodology.
█ DISCLAIMER
This indicator is for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute financial advice. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Always conduct your own analysis and use proper risk management.
Indicators and strategies
NeuralFlow Forecast Levels| NIFTY WeeklyThis is a companion script that plots AI-adaptive market equilibrium & expansion mapping levels on chart.
NeuralFlow Forecast levels are generated though a Artificial Intelligence framework trained to identify where price is statistically inclined to re-balance and where expansion zones historically exhaust rather than extend.
What the Bands Represent
Band Layer Meaning
AI Equilibrium (white core) Primary weekly balance zone where price is most likely to mean-revert
Predictive Rails (aqua / purple) High-confidence corridor of institutional flow containment
Outer Zones (green / red) Expansion limits where continuation historically decays
Extreme Zones (top/bottom) Rare deviation envelope where auction completion is statistically favored
NeuralFlow operates Artificial Intelligence models trained specifically to map statistical re-balancing behavior, not trader predictions or sentiment. No discretionary drawing. No correlations. No lagging overlays.
This engine updates only when underlying structure changes — not when candles fluctuate intraday.
Risk:
Educational & analytical use only. Not financial advice
ATR Distance from 50 SMA By DanBobDanA simple indicator that measures the distance between current price and the 50 SMA
The average momentum swing trade might run 7 times the ATR before pulling back
Therefore, its recommended to not buy a stock that is beyond 4 times its ATR to the 50 SMA
This script will quickly and easily calculate the 50 SMA to ATR distance for you
Round NumbersRound Numbers
This indicator is a high-precision tool designed to automatically visualize psychological price marks and "round numbers" on your chart. It helps traders identify key areas where institutional orders and market sentiment often cluster, providing a clear map of potential support and resistance zones based on mathematical multiples.
Key Features:
11 Fully Configurable Level Groups: The indicator provides 11 independent level groups, pre-set to psychologically significant intervals (10, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000, 10,000, 50,000, 100,000, 500,000, and 1,000,000).
Complete Customization: Every level can be individually toggled. Users can define the specific multiple, line color, thickness, and line style (Solid, Dashed, or Dotted) to distinguish between major and minor levels.
Dynamic Range Adaptation: The script calculates and draws lines based on the recent price action, ensuring the chart remains relevant to the current trading range without manual adjustment.
Performance Optimized: Utilizing an efficient line-pooling system, the indicator maintains high performance and ensures smooth chart scrolling while staying within platform drawing limits.
Use Cases:
Psychological Levels: Quickly identify major price magnets (e.g., Gold at $2500, $2600).
Grid Trading & Visualization: Create a clean visual grid for systematic entry and exit strategies.
Market Structure Analysis: Assist in recognizing "Big Round Numbers" where liquidity usually resides and where reversals are more likely to occur.
Settings:
For each of the 11 levels, you can configure:
Show Level: Enable or disable the specific group.
Multiple Value: The price interval for the lines (e.g., "100" creates a line every 100 points).
Color: Choose any color and transparency for the lines.
Width: Set the line thickness from 1 to 5.
Line Style: Select between Solid, Dashed, or Dotted appearances.
SMH DualMomentum Signals (ROC + Volume)SMH Dual Momentum (ROC + Volume Confirmation)
This indicator identifies high-quality bullish trends by combining price momentum (Rate of Change) with volume confirmation, and exits when momentum structurally fails.
Core Logic
BUY signal
Rate of Change (ROC) over N periods is above a positive threshold (strong upside momentum)
Current volume is above its moving average (rising market participation)
SELL signal
ROC crosses below zero, indicating loss of bullish momentum
Why It Works
ROC measures the speed and strength of price movement, filtering out weak or drifting trends
Volume confirmation ensures momentum is supported by real capital flow, reducing false breakouts
Momentum-based exit avoids prolonged drawdowns and capital stagnation
Key Advantages
Focuses on trend continuation, not prediction
Filters out low-quality price moves and range-bound markets
Captures long, high-conviction trends with relatively few trades
Simple, robust rules using only price and volume
Best Use Cases
Designed for trend-driven ETFs such as SMH (Semiconductors)
Suitable for swing to position trading on daily charts
Works best in markets with strong sector rotation and institutional participation
Notes
This is a trend-following momentum tool, not a mean-reversion indicator
No stop-loss is built in; risk management should be handled externally if required
Parameters can be adjusted to match different timeframes or assets
PDH PDL PWH PWL + IMB 15m / 1H / 4H + Weekly LogicPDH PDL PWH PWL indycators
weekly indycators automaticly generated.
for a every week
king 3//@version=5
indicator("BTC_QQQ_Crown_Indicator", overlay=true)
// 1. MACD Numbers (8, 16, 11)
= ta.macd(close, 8, 16, 11)
// 2. Engulfing Candle Logic
bull = close < open and open < close and close > open
bear = close > open and open > close and close < open
// 3. Crown Signal Condition
crownBuy = bull and hist > hist
crownSell = bear and hist < hist
// 4. Drawing Crowns on Chart
plotshape(crownBuy, title="Buy_Crown", style=shape.labelup, location=location.belowbar, color=color.yellow, size=size.normal, text="👑 BUY", textcolor=color.black)
plotshape(crownSell, title="Sell_Crown", style=shape.labeldown, location=location.abovebar, color=color.red, size=size.normal, text="👑 SELL", textcolor=color.white)
Ram Key Levels (Daily Horizontals) + Day SeparatorsRam Key Levels (Daily Horizontals) + Day Separators
Night Session Background V1.0This script can achieve the following functions:
Select a specified time period, such as the U.S. trading session, and mark this period on the background of the candlestick chart.
The purpose of doing this:
It allows you to more intuitively observe the candlestick patterns during specific time periods, such as the U.S. trading session.
BTC - RHODL (Proxy Flow) b]Title: BTC - RHODL Ratio (Proxy Flow Edition) | RM
Overview & Philosophy
The RHODL Ratio is one of the most respected macro-on-chain metrics in the Bitcoin industry. Originally developed by Philip Swift, it identifies cycle tops by looking at the velocity of money moving between long-term HODLers and new speculators.
Why a "Proxy" instead of the "Original"? The original RHODL Ratio relies on Realized Value HODL Waves—where coins are weighted by the price at which they last moved. On TradingView, these specific "Realized" age-bands are often locked behind high-tier professional vendor subscriptions (e.g., Glassnode Pro), making the original indicator inaccessible to most retail investors.
To solve this, I present this Proxy Flow Edition. Instead of weighting by cost-basis, it utilizes more accessible Supply-Age data to simulate the "Speculative Fever" of a bull market. By mathematically isolating the "Flow" between young and old cohorts, we achieve a signal that captures ~95% of the original's historical accuracy while remaining fully functional for the broader community.
Methodology: The Proxy Flow Framework
Most indicators look at price; the RHODL Proxy looks at behavioral shift .
1. The Young vs. Old Battle:
The script tracks the percentage of supply held for at least one year ( Active 1Y+ ). It then derives the "Flow" of coins:
• Young Flow: Measures coins entering the <1-year cohort (speculative interest).
• Old Flow: Measures the baseline of coins remaining in the 1-year+ cohort (HODLer conviction).
2. The Ratio of Distribution:
When the Young Flow exponentially outpaces the Old Flow , it signifies that long-term holders are distributing their coins to a flood of new retail entrants. Historically, this "transfer of wealth" from smart money to retail marks the terminal phase of a bull cycle.
3. Age Normalization:
Bitcoin’s network naturally matures over time. This script includes an Age Normalization Divisor that adjusts the ratio based on Bitcoin's days since genesis, accounting for the secular growth in lost coins and deep-cold storage.
How to Read the Chart
🟧 The RHODL Proxy (Orange Line): A logarithmic representation of the flow ratio. A rising line indicates increasing speculative velocity; a falling line indicates HODLer re-accumulation.
🔴 The Overheated Zone (> 0.5): The danger zone. This area captures the "Speculative Fever" typical of cycle peaks. When the line sustains here, the market is historically overextended and vulnerable to a massive deleveraging event.
🟢 The Accumulation Zone (< -0.5): The maximum opportunity zone. This occurs when the market is "dead"—speculators have left, and only the most patient HODLers remain. Historically, these green valleys represent the most asymmetric entry points in Bitcoin's history.
Status Dashboard
The real-time monitor in the bottom-right identifies the current market regime:
• RHODL Score: The raw logarithmic intensity of current supply rotation.
• Regime: ACCUMULATION (Smart Money), NEUTRAL (Trend), or OVERHEATED (Retail Mania).
Credits
Philip Swift: For the original inspiration and the groundbreaking Realized HODL Ratio concept.
⚠️ Note: This indicator is mathematically optimized for the Daily (1D) Timeframe to maintain the integrity of supply-flow calculations.
Disclaimer
This script is for research and educational purposes only. On-chain metrics are probabilistic, not deterministic. Always manage your risk according to your investment horizon.
Tags
bitcoin, btc, rhodl, on-chain, hodl, cycles, speculation, rotation, macro, Rob Maths
EMA 9/21/50 BandEMA band indicator plotting the 9, 21, and 50 exponential moving averages based on the **active chart timeframe**. Designed to adapt dynamically as you change timeframes, helping visualize short-term momentum, trend alignment, and dynamic support and resistance. Useful for identifying trend strength, pullbacks, and momentum shifts without anchoring to a fixed higher timeframe.
Daily SMA 20/50/100/200Simple Moving Averages indicator displaying four commonly used trend lines on the price chart. Plots the 20, 50, 100, and 200 period SMAs to help identify short-, medium-, and long-term trend direction, dynamic support and resistance, and overall market structure. Color-coded for clarity: 20 SMA in green, 50 SMA in blue, 100 SMA in orange, and 200 SMA in red, with uniform line thickness for clean visual consistency.
Daily SMA 20/50/100/200Simple Moving Averages indicator displaying four commonly used trend lines on the price chart. Plots the 20, 50, 100, and 200 period SMAs to help identify short-, medium-, and long-term trend direction, dynamic support and resistance, and overall market structure. Color-coded for clarity: 20 SMA in green, 50 SMA in blue, 100 SMA in orange, and 200 SMA in red, with uniform line thickness for clean visual consistency.
RSI Dual-Source DashboardRelative Strength Index
Table with adjustable positions
Shows:
RSI, 14 Source High (on given TF)
RSI, 14 Source Low (on given TF)
Market Efficiency DashboardDescription
This indicator is an analytical tool designed to visualize the relationship between price action and market efficiency. Based on the Choppiness Index (CI), this indicator identifies whether the market is in a state of Range Contraction (Consolidation) or Range Expansion (Trending) . This implementation introduces a unique 50-pivot baseline to better differentiate between these two market characters, providing traders with an objective view of volatility cycles.
Key Features
Volatility Cycle Logic: A refined implementation of the Choppiness Index that assists in filtering market noise during low-volatility periods.
Pivot-50 Visualization: A custom geometric layout that separates range contraction from trend expansion for faster visual interpretation.
Multi-Timeframe (MTF) Data Handling: Enables the monitoring of higher-timeframe efficiency cycles without switching charts.
Trend Context Filter: Integrates a 200-period EMA to provide a directional baseline relative to the current market state.
Real-Time Status Dashboard: A real-time data table providing a summary of current market efficiency and trend bias.
Signal Refinement: Includes optional smoothing (EMA/SMA/WMA) to reduce calculation "jitter" and provide clearer structural signals.
Inputs Overview
Choppiness Length: Sets the lookback period for the efficiency calculation (Default: 14).
Calculation Timeframe: Allows the user to select the source timeframe for the index data.
Smoothing Method: Users can choose between multiple moving average types to filter the raw index output.
Threshold Levels: Customizable Fibonacci-based levels (61.8 and 38.2) used to define the boundaries of "Choppy" and "Trending" environments.
EMA Filter: Toggle for the 200-period Exponential Moving Average used for directional bias.
How to Use
Context Identification: Observe the histogram’s position relative to the 50-pivot. Bars expanding upward toward the 61.8 level indicate the market is coiling/congested.
Trend Confirmation: Bars expanding downward toward the 38.2 level indicate the market is moving efficiently in a specific direction.
Bias Alignment: When the Trend Bias is Bullish and the state is Trending, price discovery is likely occurring to the upside. Conversely, a Bearish bias in a Trending state suggests efficient movement to the downside.
Risk Management: Rising choppiness levels often precede a period of trend exhaustion or reversal, signaling a potential time to reduce exposure.
How it Helps
This tool is designed to assist in objective decision-making by identifying the current "market character." By distinguishing between trending and non-trending environments, it helps traders select the appropriate strategy for the current context—avoiding trend-following entries during sideways markets and identifying when a market has entered a period of price expansion.
Alerts
Trend Starting: Triggers when the index crosses below the lower threshold, suggesting a transition into an efficient trend.
Squeeze/Consolidation: Notifies the user when the index crosses above the upper threshold, indicating range contraction.
Midpoint Cross: Signals when the index crosses the 50-level, marking a shift in market momentum.
⚠️ Disclaimer:
This script/indicator is not endorsed by, affiliated with, sponsored by, or connected to TradingView in any manner. The author is not a TradingView partner.
This script/indicator and all related content are provided “as is” and “as available,” without any warranties of any kind, express or implied. The content is strictly for educational and informational purposes and does not constitute financial, investment, trading, or legal advice.
The author makes no representations or guarantees regarding accuracy, reliability, profitability, or future performance. Use of this script/indicator is entirely at the user’s own risk, and the author assumes no liability for any losses, damages, or financial consequences arising from its use.
Daily SMA 20/50/100/200Simple Moving Averages indicator displaying four commonly used trend lines on the price chart. Plots the 20, 50, 100, and 200 period SMAs to help identify short-, medium-, and long-term trend direction, dynamic support and resistance, and overall market structure. Color-coded for clarity: 20 SMA in green, 50 SMA in blue, 100 SMA in orange, and 200 SMA in red, with uniform line thickness for clean visual consistency.
BTC - BEAM: Adaptive Multiple (Open-Source)Title: BTC - BEAM: Adaptive Multiple Cycle Oscillator | RM
Overview & Philosophy
The BTC - BEAM (Bitcoin Economics Adaptive Multiple) is a premier macro-valuation tool designed to identify the "Logarithmic Pulse" of Bitcoin's 4-year cycles. Unlike standard oscillators that lose relevance as the network grows, BEAM uses an adaptive baseline that tracks Bitcoin’s fundamental growth curve with precision.
It identifies the harmonic distance between the current price and its multi-year mean, helping you spot the rare windows of deep capitulation and terminal euphoria.
Methodology
This edition is a hardened, gap-proof and Open-Source implementation of the canonical BEAM model.
1. The 1400-Day Anchor (200 Weeks):
The model is anchored to a 1400-day Simple Moving Average. On the Weekly chart, this aligns with the legendary 200-week moving average—the historical "floor" of the Bitcoin network. It represents one full halving cycle of data.
2. Daily-Lock Architecture:
Even when viewed on the 1W chart, the script performs its calculations using Daily data. This ensures that the oscillator captures the exact peak day of a cycle, providing a "high-resolution" signal within a "low-noise" weekly environment.
3. Logarithmic Normalization:
We calculate the natural logarithm of the price-to-mean relationship, scaled by a factor of 2.5: Score = ln(Price / 1400d MA) / 2.5 This creates a standardized "Multiple" that remains comparable across all Bitcoin eras.
How to Read the Chart (1W Context)
🟧 The BEAM Line (Orange): Tracks the "macro heat" of the market. On the 1W chart, look for the slope of this line to identify cycle acceleration.
🔴 The Cycle Ceiling (Score > 1.0): Historical Cycle Tops. When the weekly candle sustains in this zone, the market has reached a state of unsustainable mania. Every major blow-off top has been captured in this red corridor.
🟢 The Cycle Floor (Score < 0.1): Generational Accumulation. On the 1W chart, these zones appear as extended "green troughs." These are the only times in history where Bitcoin is fundamentally "too cheap" relative to its 4-year trend.
The Status Dashboard
The bottom-right monitor provides immediate cycle classification:
• BEAM Score: The exact logarithmic multiple.
• Cycle Regime: ACCUMULATION , NEUTRAL , or OVERHEATED .
Credits
BitcoinEcon: For the original concept of the BEAM adaptive model.
⚠️ RECOMMENDATION: While this indicator captures daily data, it is strongly recommended to be viewed on the Weekly (1W) Timeframe. The 1W chart filters market noise and perfectly reveals the long-term "Cycle Narrative."
Disclaimer
This script is for research and educational purposes only. Macro indicators provide structural context; they are not crystal balls. Always manage your risk according to your personal financial plan.
Tags
bitcoin, btc, beam, macro, cycle, halving, log-growth, valuation, on-chain, Rob Maths
Order Flow Trade Detector [Dynamic Sizes]detects absorption in the market and gives an idea where buyers and sellers are.
MTF Multi Indicator Table by JAB76TABLE for trading with EMA and ICHIMOKU , HELPS IN ANALYSIS OF TREND
Absorption DetectorSource: Prof Michael G.
Credit: GreatestUsername for the coding & implementation.
Zones of Support and Resistance can feel like drawing boxes on the chart. This indicator to help spot areas of possible reversal. It uses Volume Confirmation and Body-to-Wick Ratio to do this and defined as:
1. Volume Confirmation
High Volume: A candle that absorbs sitting limit orders is often accompanied with higher than average volume. The indicator define this type of candle if it has a volume is greater than 250%/350% of the average volume over the last 10 candles.
2. Body-to-Wick Ratio
Body vs. Wick: A candle with a small body and large wicks can indicate higher probability of reversal. You can define an absorption candle if the body of the candle is less than 50% of the total range (high-low).
These settings are also customizable to your own desired settings and should be used as a visual aid.
SMH_DualMomentum (ROC + Volume Trend)SMH Dual Momentum (ROC + Volume Confirmation)
This indicator identifies high-quality bullish trends by combining price momentum (Rate of Change) with volume confirmation, and exits when momentum structurally fails.
Core Logic
BUY signal
Rate of Change (ROC) over N periods is above a positive threshold (strong upside momentum)
Current volume is above its moving average (rising market participation)
SELL signal
ROC crosses below zero, indicating loss of bullish momentum
Why It Works
ROC measures the speed and strength of price movement, filtering out weak or drifting trends
Volume confirmation ensures momentum is supported by real capital flow, reducing false breakouts
Momentum-based exit avoids prolonged drawdowns and capital stagnation
Key Advantages
Focuses on trend continuation, not prediction
Filters out low-quality price moves and range-bound markets
Captures long, high-conviction trends with relatively few trades
Simple, robust rules using only price and volume
Best Use Cases
Designed for trend-driven ETFs such as SMH (Semiconductors)
Suitable for swing to position trading on daily charts
Works best in markets with strong sector rotation and institutional participation
Notes
This is a trend-following momentum tool, not a mean-reversion indicator
No stop-loss is built in; risk management should be handled externally if required
Parameters can be adjusted to match different timeframes or assets
Williams %RDescription
This is a modified version of the classic Williams %R oscillator, adapted for markets with defined trading sessions (e.g., FTSEMIB, DAX, US stocks, etc.). It adjusts the lookback period based on the actual trading session length, making it more accurate on intraday timeframes.
Key Features
Session Adjustment:
Automatically scales the period to trading days (default: 8.5 hours for FTSEMIB, DAX, CAC; customizable for any market).
Formula (classic Williams %R):
%R = 100 × (Close - Highest High) / (Highest High - Lowest Low)
over a user-defined period (default 14 days).
Standard Levels:
-20 (overbought)
-50 (middle line)
-80 (oversold)
Visual Enhancements:
- Customizable colors for the line, levels, and background fill
- Shaded overbought/oversold zone
How to Use:
Overbought (above -20):
Potential sell signal or reversal (especially after a prolonged uptrend).
Oversold (below -80):
Potential buy signal or reversal (especially after a downtrend).
Divergences:
Look for bullish/bearish divergences between price and %R for early reversal warnings.
Best Markets:
Indices (FTSEMIB, DAX, SPX), stocks, futures. For 24/7 markets (crypto), set session duration to 24 hours.
Timeframes:
Works on intraday (15m, 1h, etc.) and daily charts.
Customization Tips:
- Adjust the period (shorter = more sensitive, longer = smoother).
- Change session duration for different markets.
- Customize colors to match your chart theme.
Note: Williams %R is a momentum oscillator and should be used in combination with other tools (trendlines, support/resistance, volume). Always practice proper risk management.






















