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BSC XTrender Signal Engine📈 BSC XTrender Signal Engine The BSC XTrender Signal Engine is a precision-built momentum and trend confirmation tool that generates high-probability long/short alerts based on three key components: 🔹 BSC XTrender Engine – A dual-timeframe oscillator that visualizes both short- and long-term trend pressure in a unified color-coded ribbon. 🔹 EMA Trend Filter – Confirms price structure alignment using fast and slow exponential moving averages. 🔹 MACD Directional Bias – Validates momentum direction by checking for histogram agreement with price. 🚨 Trade Signals: Long Trigger: BSC XTrender turns green, price above EMAs, MACD rising Short Trigger: BSC XTrender turns red, price below EMAs, MACD falling All conditions must align for a confirmed signal. 🧠 Designed for: Futures, crypto, and equities traders who want clear entry signals backed by multi-layered logic. Perfect for both intraday scalping and swing trading strategies.
Pine Script® indicator
by Futurestraderbrian
AutoTune MA - with crossover alertsThis indicator adapts the length of an EMA based on how far the adaptive MA itself is from the price, normalized by volatility (ATR%). The adaptive length shortens when the MA moves further from price, making the MA more responsive, and lengthens when closer, smoothing the MA. The base SMA is shown for reference only. How to Use: Watch the adaptive MA lines for dynamic smoothing that reacts to market volatility and price movement. Use crossovers of the smallest and medium adaptive MAs for potential entry signals. The base MA provides a stable benchmark for trend context. Adjust inputs for base length, minimum length, and effect multiplier to fit your preferred responsiveness and market conditions.
Pine Script® indicator
by OnlyScans
1
Current Day High/Low and Mid- Made by IshaanThis TradingView indicator plots the current day's high, low, and mid (50%) levels, based on the daily timeframe, and displays them on any intraday chart (e.g., 15m, 1h, etc.). Lines begin at the official market open time (default: 9:30 AM exchange time). Lines extend right indefinitely so they’re visible throughout the day. Values are updated live during the trading session using daily high and low data. The mid line is calculated as the average of the current day’s high and low. You can customize: Line colors (high, low, mid) Line thickness Market open time This tool is helpful for traders looking to monitor intraday interaction with key daily levels.
Pine Script® indicator
by darjiishaan
%ATR + ΔClose HighlightScript Overview This indicator displays on your chart: Table of the last N bars that passed the ATR-based range filter: Columns: Bar #, High, Range (High–Low), Low Summary row: ATR(N), suggested Stop-Loss (SL = X % of ATR), and the current bar’s range as a percentage of ATR Red badge on the most recent bar showing ΔClose% (the absolute difference between today’s and yesterday’s close, expressed as % of ATR) Background highlights: Blue fill under the most recent bar that met the filter Yellow fill under bars that failed the filter Hidden plots of ATR, %ATR, and ΔClose% (for use in strategies or alerts) All table elements, fills, and plots can be toggled off with a single switch so that only the red ΔClose% badge remains visible. Inputs Setting Description Default Length (bars) Lookback period for ATR and range filter (bars) 5 Upper deviation (%) Upper filter threshold (% of average ATR) 150% Lower deviation (%) Lower filter threshold (% of average ATR) 50% SL as % of ATR Stop-loss distance (% of ATR) 10% Label position Table position relative to bar (“above” or “below”) above Vertical offset (×ATR) Vertical spacing from the bar in ATR units 2.0 Show table & ATR plots Show or hide table, background highlights, and plots true How It Works ATR Calculation & Filtering Computes average True Range over the last N bars. Marks bars whose daily range falls within the specified upper/lower deviation band. Table Construction Gathers up to N most recent bars that passed the filter (or backfills from the most recent pass). Formats each bar’s High, Low, and Range into fixed-width columns for neat alignment. Stop-Loss & Percent Metrics Calculates a recommended SL distance as a percentage of ATR. Computes today’s bar range and ΔClose (absolute change in close) as % of ATR. Chart Display Table: Shows detailed per-bar data and summary metrics. Background fills: Blue for the latest valid bar, yellow for invalid bars. Hidden plots: ATR, %ATR, and ΔClose% (useful for backtesting). Red badge: Always visible on the right side of the last bar, displaying ΔClose%. Tips Disable the table & ATR plots to reduce chart clutter—leave only the red ΔClose% badge for a minimalist volatility alert. Use the hidden ATR fields (plot outputs) in TradingView Strategies or Alerts to automate volatility-based entries/exits. Adjust the deviation band to capture “normal” intraday moves vs. outsized volatility spikes. Load this script on any US market chart (stocks, futures, crypto, etc.) to instantly visualize recent volatility structure, set dynamic SL levels, and highlight today’s price change relative to average true range.
Pine Script® indicator
by artemtsapkin
Multi-Timeframe SFP + SMTImportant: Please Read First This indicator is not a "one size fits all" solution. It is a professional and complex tool that requires you to learn how to use it, in addition to backtesting different settings to discover what works best for your specific trading style and the assets you trade. The default settings provided are my personal preferences for trading higher-timeframe setups, but you are encouraged to experiment and find your own optimal configuration. Please note that while this initial version is solid, it may still contain small errors or bugs. I will be actively working on improving the indicator over time. Also, be aware that the script is not written for maximum efficiency and may be resource-intensive, but this should not pose a problem for most users. The source code for this indicator is open. If you truly want to understand precisely how all the logic works, you can copy and paste the code into an AI assistant like Gemini or ChatGPT and ask it to explain any part of the script to you. Author's Preferred Settings (Guideline) As a starting point, here are the settings I personally use for my trading: SFP Timeframe: 4-Hour (Strength: 5-5) Max Lookback: 35 Bars Raid Expiration: 1 Bar SFP Lines Limit: 1 SMT Timeframe 1: 30-Minute (Strength: 2-2) with 3-Minute LTF Detection. SMT Timeframe 2: 15-Minute (Strength: 3-3) with 3-Minute LTF Detection. SMT Timeframe 3: 1-Hour (Strength: 1-1) with 3-Minute LTF Detection. SMT Timeframe 4: 15-Minute (Strength: 1-1) with 3-Minute LTF Detection. Multi-Timeframe SMT: An Overview This indicator is a powerful tool designed to identify high-probability trading setups by combining two key institutional concepts: Swing Failure Patterns (SFP) on a higher timeframe and Smart Money Technique (SMT) divergences on a lower timeframe. A key feature is the ability to configure and run up to four independent SMT analyses simultaneously, allowing you to monitor for divergences across multiple timeframes (e.g., 15m, 1H, 4H) from a single indicator. Its primary purpose is to generate automated signals through TradingView's alert system. By setting up alerts, the script runs server-side, monitoring the market for you. When a setup presents itself, it will send a push notification to your device, allowing you to personally evaluate the trade without being tied to your screen. The Strategy: HTF Liquidity Sweeps into LTF SMT The core strategy is built on a classic institutional trading model: Wait for a liquidity sweep on a significant high timeframe (e.g., 4-hour, Daily). Once liquidity is taken, look for a confirmation of a shift in market structure on a lower timeframe. This indicator uses an SMT divergence as that confirmation signal, indicating that smart money may be stepping in to reverse the price. How It Works: The Two-Step Process The indicator's logic follows a precise two-step process to generate a signal: Step 1: The Swing Failure Pattern (SFP) First, the indicator identifies a high-timeframe liquidity sweep. This is configured in the "Swing Failure Pattern (SFP) Timeframe" settings. It looks for a candle that wicks above a previous high (or below a previous low) but then closes back within the range of that pivot. This action is known as a "raid" or a "swing failure," suggesting the move failed to find genuine momentum. Step 2: The SMT Divergence The moment a valid SFP is confirmed, the indicator's multiple SMT engines activate. Each engine begins monitoring the specific SMT timeframe you have configured (e.g., "SMT Timeframe 1," "SMT Timeframe 2," etc.) for a Smart Money Technique (SMT) divergence. An SMT divergence occurs when two closely correlated assets fail to move in sync. For example, after a raid on a high, Asset A makes a new high, but Asset B fails to do so. This disagreement suggests weakness and a potential reversal. When the script finds this divergence, it plots the SMT line and triggers an alert. The Power of Alerts The true strength of this indicator lies in its alert capabilities. You can create alerts for both unconfirmed and confirmed SMTs. Enable Alerts LTF Detection: These alerts trigger when an unconfirmed, potential SMT is spotted on the lower "LTF Detection" timeframe. While not yet confirmed, these early alerts can notify you of a potential move before it fully happens, allowing you to be ahead of the curve and find the best possible trade entries. Enable Alerts Confirmed SMT: These alerts trigger only when a permanent, confirmed SMT line is plotted on your chosen SMT timeframe. These signals are more reliable but occur later than the early detection alerts. Key Concepts Explained What is Pivot Strength? Pivot Strength determines how significant a high or low needs to be to qualify as a valid structural point. A setting of 5-5, for example, means that for a candle's high to be considered a valid pivot high, its high must be higher than the highs of the 5 candles to its left and the 5 candles to its right. Higher Strength (e.g., 5-5, 8-8): Creates fewer, but more significant, pivots. This is ideal for identifying major structural highs and lows on higher timeframes. Lower Strength (e.g., 2-2, 3-3): Creates more pivots, making it suitable for identifying the smaller shifts in momentum on lower timeframes. Raid Expiration & Validity An SFP signal is not valid forever. The "Raid Expiration" setting determines how many SFP timeframe bars can pass after a raid before that signal is considered "stale" and can no longer be used to validate an SMT. This ensures your SMT divergences are always in response to recent liquidity sweeps. Why You Must Be on the Right Chart Timeframe to See SMT Lines Pine Script™ has a fundamental rule: an indicator running on a chart can only "see" the bars of that chart's timeframe or higher. When the SMT logic is set to the 15-minute timeframe, it calculates its pivots based on 15-minute data. To accurately plot lines connecting these pivots, you must be on a 15-minute chart or lower (e.g., 5-minute, 1-minute). If you are on a higher timeframe chart, like the 1-hour, the 15-minute bars do not exist on that chart, so the indicator has no bars to draw the lines on. This is precisely why the alert system is so powerful. You can set your alert to run on the 15-minute timeframe, and TradingView's servers will monitor that timeframe for you, sending a notification regardless of what chart you are currently viewing.
Pine Script® indicator
by nickbonenkamp
2
EMA Cross + MACD Confluence (with Session-Start Entry)EMA Cross + MACD Confluence Strategy (with Session-Start Entry) Idea originally from kirilov Description: This strategy blends a classic Exponential Moving Average (EMA) crossover system with MACD histogram confirmation, all within your custom trading window. On each bar: • Calculates two user-defined EMAs (Fast and Slow). • Computes the MACD line, signal line, and histogram using customizable lengths. • Only takes new trades during your chosen session hours and date range. • Enters on a fresh crossover (or crossunder), OR immediately at session start if the crossover condition is already true. • Applies MACD confluence: long entries only when the MACD histogram is positive; short entries only when it’s negative. • Exits positions when the opposite EMA-cross signal fires or when the session closes. Key Features: • 100% user-defined parameters: EMAs, MACD lengths, session times, date range, and long/short or both directions. • Session-aware “catch-up” entry—never miss a trend that started before the market open. • Lightweight and transparent: only standard Pine v6 functions, no external libraries. Disclaimer: This script is provided for educational and illustrative purposes only. It is NOT financial advice, a recommendation to buy or sell, or a substitute for your own due diligence. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Trade at your own risk.
Pine Script® strategy
by Dreeco7
3/2 Stochastic Volatility ProxyThis indicator, "3/2 Stochastic Volatility Proxy", implements a realized volatility model that incorporates advanced digital signal processing techniques, such as Butterworth filtering, super smoothing, RMS normalization, and optionally Z-Score transformation, to capture and visualize shifts in market volatility. 🔍 Indicator Overview: "3/2 Stochastic Volatility Proxy" 🎯 Purpose To act as a momentum-based volatility proxy, estimating realized volatility and applying a 3/2 power transformation—a known mathematical volatility model—to better detect volatility regimes and potential price explosions or contractions. 📐 Core Mathematical Model: The 3/2 Stochastic Volatility Model The 3/2 stochastic volatility model is defined in continuous time as: 🔑 Key Idea: The variance follows a mean-reverting process, but the diffusion term has scaling. This makes the volatility more reactive to spikes, creating more realistic behavior for modeling risk, especially under high-volatility periods (tail events). 🧠 Indicator Components Explained 1. 🧮 Realized Variance Estimation pinescript Copy Edit ret = math.log(close / close ) // Log returns vari = ta.sma(ret * ret, length) // Realized variance volatility_proxy = math.pow(vari, 1.5) // Raise to 3/2 power This transforms log returns into variance using a simple moving average. The variance is then raised to the 3/2 power, per the 3/2 volatility model. 2. 🧹 Smoothing Options Two smoothing techniques are available: ✅ Option 1: Z-Score Smoothing (Ehlers Loop logic) pinescript Copy Edit f_zscore(volatility_proxy, smoothing) Normalizes the series to its statistical deviation from the mean. Useful for spotting regime changes (e.g., +2σ or -2σ extremes). ✅ Option 2: RMS Scaled Filtering pinescript Copy Edit scaledFilt(volatility_proxy, ..., ..., ...) This applies three steps: Butterworth Highpass Filter → Removes slow drift, isolates cycles. Super Smoother Filter → Reduces aliasing and short-term noise. Fast RMS Normalization → Stabilizes the scale across varying regimes. 🛠 Filters and Utilities (Detailed) 🔸 butterworthHP() A 2-pole high-pass filter that removes low-frequency trends to highlight cyclic components of volatility. 🔸 superSmoother() Ehlers’ 2-pole smoother that attenuates high-frequency noise more effectively than EMA or SMA. 🔸 fastRMS() An efficient way to estimate root mean square, normalizing the filtered signal to control amplitude. 📈 Plot and Alerts 🔸 plot(smoothed_vol) Plots the smoothed, normalized volatility proxy: Above 0 → Rising volatility. Below 0 → Falling volatility. Above +2σ / Below -2σ → Extreme volatility alerts. 🔸 Alert Conditions: 🔔 Cross Above 0 → Bullish volatility expansion. 🔔 Cross Below 0 → Bearish contraction or mean reversion. 🔔 Crossing ±2σ → Overheated or overcooled volatility zones. 🧪 Practical Use Cases Volatility Momentum Proxy Use this as a signal that volatility is accelerating (breakout environment). Risk-on / Risk-off Filter High values may warn of regime shifts; low values indicate calm markets. Pair with Trend or Mean-Reverting Strategies Helps determine if the current volatility favors breakouts or reversions.
Pine Script® indicator
by GabrielAmadeusLau
Adaptive Investment Timing ModelA COMPREHENSIVE FRAMEWORK FOR SYSTEMATIC EQUITY INVESTMENT TIMING Investment timing represents one of the most challenging aspects of portfolio management, with extensive academic literature documenting the difficulty of consistently achieving superior risk-adjusted returns through market timing strategies (Malkiel, 2003). Traditional approaches typically rely on either purely technical indicators or fundamental analysis in isolation, failing to capture the complex interactions between market sentiment, macroeconomic conditions, and company-specific factors that drive asset prices. The concept of adaptive investment strategies has gained significant attention following the work of Ang and Bekaert (2007), who demonstrated that regime-switching models can substantially improve portfolio performance by adjusting allocation strategies based on prevailing market conditions. Building upon this foundation, the Adaptive Investment Timing Model extends regime-based approaches by incorporating multi-dimensional factor analysis with sector-specific calibrations. Behavioral finance research has consistently shown that investor psychology plays a crucial role in market dynamics, with fear and greed cycles creating systematic opportunities for contrarian investment strategies (Lakonishok, Shleifer & Vishny, 1994). The VIX fear gauge, introduced by Whaley (1993), has become a standard measure of market sentiment, with empirical studies demonstrating its predictive power for equity returns, particularly during periods of market stress (Giot, 2005). LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATION The theoretical foundation of AITM draws from several established areas of financial research. Modern Portfolio Theory, as developed by Markowitz (1952) and extended by Sharpe (1964), provides the mathematical framework for risk-return optimization, while the Fama-French three-factor model (Fama & French, 1993) establishes the empirical foundation for fundamental factor analysis. Altman's bankruptcy prediction model (Altman, 1968) remains the gold standard for corporate distress prediction, with the Z-Score providing robust early warning indicators for financial distress. Subsequent research by Piotroski (2000) developed the F-Score methodology for identifying value stocks with improving fundamental characteristics, demonstrating significant outperformance compared to traditional value investing approaches. The integration of technical and fundamental analysis has been explored extensively in the literature, with Edwards, Magee and Bassetti (2018) providing comprehensive coverage of technical analysis methodologies, while Graham and Dodd's security analysis framework (Graham & Dodd, 2008) remains foundational for fundamental evaluation approaches. Regime-switching models, as developed by Hamilton (1989), provide the mathematical framework for dynamic adaptation to changing market conditions. Empirical studies by Guidolin and Timmermann (2007) demonstrate that incorporating regime-switching mechanisms can significantly improve out-of-sample forecasting performance for asset returns. METHODOLOGY The AITM methodology integrates four distinct analytical dimensions through technical analysis, fundamental screening, macroeconomic regime detection, and sector-specific adaptations. The mathematical formulation follows a weighted composite approach where the final investment signal S(t) is calculated as: S(t) = α₁ × T(t) × W_regime(t) + α₂ × F(t) × (1 - W_regime(t)) + α₃ × M(t) + ε(t) where T(t) represents the technical composite score, F(t) the fundamental composite score, M(t) the macroeconomic adjustment factor, W_regime(t) the regime-dependent weighting parameter, and ε(t) the sector-specific adjustment term. Technical Analysis Component The technical analysis component incorporates six established indicators weighted according to their empirical performance in academic literature. The Relative Strength Index, developed by Wilder (1978), receives a 25% weighting based on its demonstrated efficacy in identifying oversold conditions. Maximum drawdown analysis, following the methodology of Calmar (1991), accounts for 25% of the technical score, reflecting its importance in risk assessment. Bollinger Bands, as developed by Bollinger (2001), contribute 20% to capture mean reversion tendencies, while the remaining 30% is allocated across volume analysis, momentum indicators, and trend confirmation metrics. Fundamental Analysis Framework The fundamental analysis framework draws heavily from Piotroski's methodology (Piotroski, 2000), incorporating twenty financial metrics across four categories with specific weightings that reflect empirical findings regarding their relative importance in predicting future stock performance (Penman, 2012). Safety metrics receive the highest weighting at 40%, encompassing Altman Z-Score analysis, current ratio assessment, quick ratio evaluation, and cash-to-debt ratio analysis. Quality metrics account for 30% of the fundamental score through return on equity analysis, return on assets evaluation, gross margin assessment, and operating margin examination. Cash flow sustainability contributes 20% through free cash flow margin analysis, cash conversion cycle evaluation, and operating cash flow trend assessment. Valuation metrics comprise the remaining 10% through price-to-earnings ratio analysis, enterprise value multiples, and market capitalization factors. Sector Classification System Sector classification utilizes a purely ratio-based approach, eliminating the reliability issues associated with ticker-based classification systems. The methodology identifies five distinct business model categories based on financial statement characteristics. Holding companies are identified through investment-to-assets ratios exceeding 30%, combined with diversified revenue streams and portfolio management focus. Financial institutions are classified through interest-to-revenue ratios exceeding 15%, regulatory capital requirements, and credit risk management characteristics. Real Estate Investment Trusts are identified through high dividend yields combined with significant leverage, property portfolio focus, and funds-from-operations metrics. Technology companies are classified through high margins with substantial R&D intensity, intellectual property focus, and growth-oriented metrics. Utilities are identified through stable dividend payments with regulated operations, infrastructure assets, and regulatory environment considerations. Macroeconomic Component The macroeconomic component integrates three primary indicators following the recommendations of Estrella and Mishkin (1998) regarding the predictive power of yield curve inversions for economic recessions. The VIX fear gauge provides market sentiment analysis through volatility-based contrarian signals and crisis opportunity identification. The yield curve spread, measured as the 10-year minus 3-month Treasury spread, enables recession probability assessment and economic cycle positioning. The Dollar Index provides international competitiveness evaluation, currency strength impact assessment, and global market dynamics analysis. Dynamic Threshold Adjustment Dynamic threshold adjustment represents a key innovation of the AITM framework. Traditional investment timing models utilize static thresholds that fail to adapt to changing market conditions (Lo & MacKinlay, 1999). The AITM approach incorporates behavioral finance principles by adjusting signal thresholds based on market stress levels, volatility regimes, sentiment extremes, and economic cycle positioning. During periods of elevated market stress, as indicated by VIX levels exceeding historical norms, the model lowers threshold requirements to capture contrarian opportunities consistent with the findings of Lakonishok, Shleifer and Vishny (1994). USER GUIDE AND IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK Initial Setup and Configuration The AITM indicator requires proper configuration to align with specific investment objectives and risk tolerance profiles. Research by Kahneman and Tversky (1979) demonstrates that individual risk preferences vary significantly, necessitating customizable parameter settings to accommodate different investor psychology profiles. Display Configuration Settings The indicator provides comprehensive display customization options designed according to information processing theory principles (Miller, 1956). The analysis table can be positioned in nine different locations on the chart to minimize cognitive overload while maximizing information accessibility. Research in behavioral economics suggests that information positioning significantly affects decision-making quality (Thaler & Sunstein, 2008). Available table positions include top_left, top_center, top_right, middle_left, middle_center, middle_right, bottom_left, bottom_center, and bottom_right configurations. Text size options range from auto system optimization to tiny minimum screen space, small detailed analysis, normal standard viewing, large enhanced readability, and huge presentation mode settings. Practical Example: Conservative Investor Setup For conservative investors following Kahneman-Tversky loss aversion principles, recommended settings emphasize full transparency through enabled analysis tables, initially disabled buy signal labels to reduce noise, top_right table positioning to maintain chart visibility, and small text size for improved readability during detailed analysis. Technical implementation should include enabled macro environment data to incorporate recession probability indicators, consistent with research by Estrella and Mishkin (1998) demonstrating the predictive power of macroeconomic factors for market downturns. Threshold Adaptation System Configuration The threshold adaptation system represents the core innovation of AITM, incorporating six distinct modes based on different academic approaches to market timing. Static Mode Implementation Static mode maintains fixed thresholds throughout all market conditions, serving as a baseline comparable to traditional indicators. Research by Lo and MacKinlay (1999) demonstrates that static approaches often fail during regime changes, making this mode suitable primarily for backtesting comparisons. Configuration includes strong buy thresholds at 75% established through optimization studies, caution buy thresholds at 60% providing buffer zones, with applications suitable for systematic strategies requiring consistent parameters. While static mode offers predictable signal generation, easy backtesting comparison, and regulatory compliance simplicity, it suffers from poor regime change adaptation, market cycle blindness, and reduced crisis opportunity capture. Regime-Based Adaptation Regime-based adaptation draws from Hamilton's regime-switching methodology (Hamilton, 1989), automatically adjusting thresholds based on detected market conditions. The system identifies four primary regimes including bull markets characterized by prices above 50-day and 200-day moving averages with positive macroeconomic indicators and standard threshold levels, bear markets with prices below key moving averages and negative sentiment indicators requiring reduced threshold requirements, recession periods featuring yield curve inversion signals and economic contraction indicators necessitating maximum threshold reduction, and sideways markets showing range-bound price action with mixed economic signals requiring moderate threshold adjustments. Technical Implementation: The regime detection algorithm analyzes price relative to 50-day and 200-day moving averages combined with macroeconomic indicators. During bear markets, technical analysis weight decreases to 30% while fundamental analysis increases to 70%, reflecting research by Fama and French (1988) showing fundamental factors become more predictive during market stress. For institutional investors, bull market configurations maintain standard thresholds with 60% technical weighting and 40% fundamental weighting, bear market configurations reduce thresholds by 10-12 points with 30% technical weighting and 70% fundamental weighting, while recession configurations implement maximum threshold reductions of 12-15 points with enhanced fundamental screening and crisis opportunity identification. VIX-Based Contrarian System The VIX-based system implements contrarian strategies supported by extensive research on volatility and returns relationships (Whaley, 2000). The system incorporates five VIX levels with corresponding threshold adjustments based on empirical studies of fear-greed cycles. Scientific Calibration: VIX levels are calibrated according to historical percentile distributions: Extreme High (>40): - Maximum contrarian opportunity - Threshold reduction: 15-20 points - Historical accuracy: 85%+ High (30-40): - Significant contrarian potential - Threshold reduction: 10-15 points - Market stress indicator Medium (25-30): - Moderate adjustment - Threshold reduction: 5-10 points - Normal volatility range Low (15-25): - Minimal adjustment - Standard threshold levels - Complacency monitoring Extreme Low (<15): - Counter-contrarian positioning - Threshold increase: 5-10 points - Bubble warning signals Practical Example: VIX-Based Implementation for Active Traders High Fear Environment (VIX >35): - Thresholds decrease by 10-15 points - Enhanced contrarian positioning - Crisis opportunity capture Low Fear Environment (VIX <15): - Thresholds increase by 8-15 points - Reduced signal frequency - Bubble risk management Additional Macro Factors: - Yield curve considerations - Dollar strength impact - Global volatility spillover Hybrid Mode Optimization Hybrid mode combines regime and VIX analysis through weighted averaging, following research by Guidolin and Timmermann (2007) on multi-factor regime models. Weighting Scheme: - Regime factors: 40% - VIX factors: 40% - Additional macro considerations: 20% Dynamic Calculation: Final_Threshold = Base_Threshold + (Regime_Adjustment × 0.4) + (VIX_Adjustment × 0.4) + (Macro_Adjustment × 0.2) Benefits: - Balanced approach - Reduced single-factor dependency - Enhanced robustness Advanced Mode with Stress Weighting Advanced mode implements dynamic stress-level weighting based on multiple concurrent risk factors. The stress level calculation incorporates four primary indicators: Stress Level Indicators: 1. Yield curve inversion (recession predictor) 2. Volatility spikes (market disruption) 3. Severe drawdowns (momentum breaks) 4. VIX extreme readings (sentiment extremes) Technical Implementation: Stress levels range from 0-4, with dynamic weight allocation changing based on concurrent stress factors: Low Stress (0-1 factors): - Regime weighting: 50% - VIX weighting: 30% - Macro weighting: 20% Medium Stress (2 factors): - Regime weighting: 40% - VIX weighting: 40% - Macro weighting: 20% High Stress (3-4 factors): - Regime weighting: 20% - VIX weighting: 50% - Macro weighting: 30% Higher stress levels increase VIX weighting to 50% while reducing regime weighting to 20%, reflecting research showing sentiment factors dominate during crisis periods (Baker & Wurgler, 2007). Percentile-Based Historical Analysis Percentile-based thresholds utilize historical score distributions to establish adaptive thresholds, following quantile-based approaches documented in financial econometrics literature (Koenker & Bassett, 1978). Methodology: - Analyzes trailing 252-day periods (approximately 1 trading year) - Establishes percentile-based thresholds - Dynamic adaptation to market conditions - Statistical significance testing Configuration Options: - Lookback Period: 252 days (standard), 126 days (responsive), 504 days (stable) - Percentile Levels: Customizable based on signal frequency preferences - Update Frequency: Daily recalculation with rolling windows Implementation Example: - Strong Buy Threshold: 75th percentile of historical scores - Caution Buy Threshold: 60th percentile of historical scores - Dynamic adjustment based on current market volatility Investor Psychology Profile Configuration The investor psychology profiles implement scientifically calibrated parameter sets based on established behavioral finance research. Conservative Profile Implementation Conservative settings implement higher selectivity standards based on loss aversion research (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979). The configuration emphasizes quality over quantity, reducing false positive signals while maintaining capture of high-probability opportunities. Technical Calibration: VIX Parameters: - Extreme High Threshold: 32.0 (lower sensitivity to fear spikes) - High Threshold: 28.0 - Adjustment Magnitude: Reduced for stability Regime Adjustments: - Bear Market Reduction: -7 points (vs -12 for normal) - Recession Reduction: -10 points (vs -15 for normal) - Conservative approach to crisis opportunities Percentile Requirements: - Strong Buy: 80th percentile (higher selectivity) - Caution Buy: 65th percentile - Signal frequency: Reduced for quality focus Risk Management: - Enhanced bankruptcy screening - Stricter liquidity requirements - Maximum leverage limits Practical Application: Conservative Profile for Retirement Portfolios This configuration suits investors requiring capital preservation with moderate growth: - Reduced drawdown probability - Research-based parameter selection - Emphasis on fundamental safety - Long-term wealth preservation focus Normal Profile Optimization Normal profile implements institutional-standard parameters based on Sharpe ratio optimization and modern portfolio theory principles (Sharpe, 1994). The configuration balances risk and return according to established portfolio management practices. Calibration Parameters: VIX Thresholds: - Extreme High: 35.0 (institutional standard) - High: 30.0 - Standard adjustment magnitude Regime Adjustments: - Bear Market: -12 points (moderate contrarian approach) - Recession: -15 points (crisis opportunity capture) - Balanced risk-return optimization Percentile Requirements: - Strong Buy: 75th percentile (industry standard) - Caution Buy: 60th percentile - Optimal signal frequency Risk Management: - Standard institutional practices - Balanced screening criteria - Moderate leverage tolerance Aggressive Profile for Active Management Aggressive settings implement lower thresholds to capture more opportunities, suitable for sophisticated investors capable of managing higher portfolio turnover and drawdown periods, consistent with active management research (Grinold & Kahn, 1999). Technical Configuration: VIX Parameters: - Extreme High: 40.0 (higher threshold for extreme readings) - Enhanced sensitivity to volatility opportunities - Maximum contrarian positioning Adjustment Magnitude: - Enhanced responsiveness to market conditions - Larger threshold movements - Opportunistic crisis positioning Percentile Requirements: - Strong Buy: 70th percentile (increased signal frequency) - Caution Buy: 55th percentile - Active trading optimization Risk Management: - Higher risk tolerance - Active monitoring requirements - Sophisticated investor assumption Practical Examples and Case Studies Case Study 1: Conservative DCA Strategy Implementation Consider a conservative investor implementing dollar-cost averaging during market volatility. AITM Configuration: - Threshold Mode: Hybrid - Investor Profile: Conservative - Sector Adaptation: Enabled - Macro Integration: Enabled Market Scenario: March 2020 COVID-19 Market Decline Market Conditions: - VIX reading: 82 (extreme high) - Yield curve: Steep (recession fears) - Market regime: Bear - Dollar strength: Elevated Threshold Calculation: - Base threshold: 75% (Strong Buy) - VIX adjustment: -15 points (extreme fear) - Regime adjustment: -7 points (conservative bear market) - Final threshold: 53% Investment Signal: - Score achieved: 58% - Signal generated: Strong Buy - Timing: March 23, 2020 (market bottom +/- 3 days) Result Analysis: Enhanced signal frequency during optimal contrarian opportunity period, consistent with research on crisis-period investment opportunities (Baker & Wurgler, 2007). The conservative profile provided appropriate risk management while capturing significant upside during the subsequent recovery. Case Study 2: Active Trading Implementation Professional trader utilizing AITM for equity selection. Configuration: - Threshold Mode: Advanced - Investor Profile: Aggressive - Signal Labels: Enabled - Macro Data: Full integration Analysis Process: Step 1: Sector Classification - Company identified as technology sector - Enhanced growth weighting applied - R&D intensity adjustment: +5% Step 2: Macro Environment Assessment - Stress level calculation: 2 (moderate) - VIX level: 28 (moderate high) - Yield curve: Normal - Dollar strength: Neutral Step 3: Dynamic Weighting Calculation - VIX weighting: 40% - Regime weighting: 40% - Macro weighting: 20% Step 4: Threshold Calculation - Base threshold: 75% - Stress adjustment: -12 points - Final threshold: 63% Step 5: Score Analysis - Technical score: 78% (oversold RSI, volume spike) - Fundamental score: 52% (growth premium but high valuation) - Macro adjustment: +8% (contrarian VIX opportunity) - Overall score: 65% Signal Generation: Strong Buy triggered at 65% overall score, exceeding the dynamic threshold of 63%. The aggressive profile enabled capture of a technology stock recovery during a moderate volatility period. Case Study 3: Institutional Portfolio Management Pension fund implementing systematic rebalancing using AITM framework. Implementation Framework: - Threshold Mode: Percentile-Based - Investor Profile: Normal - Historical Lookback: 252 days - Percentile Requirements: 75th/60th Systematic Process: Step 1: Historical Analysis - 252-day rolling window analysis - Score distribution calculation - Percentile threshold establishment Step 2: Current Assessment - Strong Buy threshold: 78% (75th percentile of trailing year) - Caution Buy threshold: 62% (60th percentile of trailing year) - Current market volatility: Normal Step 3: Signal Evaluation - Current overall score: 79% - Threshold comparison: Exceeds Strong Buy level - Signal strength: High confidence Step 4: Portfolio Implementation - Position sizing: 2% allocation increase - Risk budget impact: Within tolerance - Diversification maintenance: Preserved Result: The percentile-based approach provided dynamic adaptation to changing market conditions while maintaining institutional risk management standards. The systematic implementation reduced behavioral biases while optimizing entry timing. Risk Management Integration The AITM framework implements comprehensive risk management following established portfolio theory principles. Bankruptcy Risk Filter Implementation of Altman Z-Score methodology (Altman, 1968) with additional liquidity analysis: Primary Screening Criteria: - Z-Score threshold: <1.8 (high distress probability) - Current Ratio threshold: <1.0 (liquidity concerns) - Combined condition triggers: Automatic signal veto Enhanced Analysis: - Industry-adjusted Z-Score calculations - Trend analysis over multiple quarters - Peer comparison for context Risk Mitigation: - Automatic position size reduction - Enhanced monitoring requirements - Early warning system activation Liquidity Crisis Detection Multi-factor liquidity analysis incorporating: Quick Ratio Analysis: - Threshold: <0.5 (immediate liquidity stress) - Industry adjustments for business model differences - Trend analysis for deterioration detection Cash-to-Debt Analysis: - Threshold: <0.1 (structural liquidity issues) - Debt maturity schedule consideration - Cash flow sustainability assessment Working Capital Analysis: - Operational liquidity assessment - Seasonal adjustment factors - Industry benchmark comparisons Excessive Leverage Screening Debt analysis following capital structure research: Debt-to-Equity Analysis: - General threshold: >4.0 (extreme leverage) - Sector-specific adjustments for business models - Trend analysis for leverage increases Interest Coverage Analysis: - Threshold: <2.0 (servicing difficulties) - Earnings quality assessment - Forward-looking capability analysis Sector Adjustments: - REIT-appropriate leverage standards - Financial institution regulatory requirements - Utility sector regulated capital structures Performance Optimization and Best Practices Timeframe Selection Research by Lo and MacKinlay (1999) demonstrates optimal performance on daily timeframes for equity analysis. Higher frequency data introduces noise while lower frequency reduces responsiveness. Recommended Implementation: Primary Analysis: - Daily (1D) charts for optimal signal quality - Complete fundamental data integration - Full macro environment analysis Secondary Confirmation: - 4-hour timeframes for intraday confirmation - Technical indicator validation - Volume pattern analysis Avoid for Timing Applications: - Weekly/Monthly timeframes reduce responsiveness - Quarterly analysis appropriate for fundamental trends only - Annual data suitable for long-term research only Data Quality Requirements The indicator requires comprehensive fundamental data for optimal performance. Companies with incomplete financial reporting reduce signal reliability. Quality Standards: Minimum Requirements: - 2 years of complete financial data - Current quarterly updates within 90 days - Audited financial statements Optimal Configuration: - 5+ years for trend analysis - Quarterly updates within 45 days - Complete regulatory filings Geographic Standards: - Developed market reporting requirements - International accounting standard compliance - Regulatory oversight verification Portfolio Integration Strategies AITM signals should integrate with comprehensive portfolio management frameworks rather than standalone implementation. Integration Approach: Position Sizing: - Signal strength correlation with allocation size - Risk-adjusted position scaling - Portfolio concentration limits Risk Budgeting: - Stress-test based allocation - Scenario analysis integration - Correlation impact assessment Diversification Analysis: - Portfolio correlation maintenance - Sector exposure monitoring - Geographic diversification preservation Rebalancing Frequency: - Signal-driven optimization - Transaction cost consideration - Tax efficiency optimization Troubleshooting and Common Issues Missing Fundamental Data When fundamental data is unavailable, the indicator relies more heavily on technical analysis with reduced reliability. Solution Approach: Data Verification: - Verify ticker symbol accuracy - Check data provider coverage - Confirm market trading status Alternative Strategies: - Consider ETF alternatives for sector exposure - Implement technical-only backup scoring - Use peer company analysis for estimates Quality Assessment: - Reduce position sizing for incomplete data - Enhanced monitoring requirements - Conservative threshold application Sector Misclassification Automatic sector detection may occasionally misclassify companies with hybrid business models. Correction Process: Manual Override: - Enable Manual Sector Override function - Select appropriate sector classification - Verify fundamental ratio alignment Validation: - Monitor performance improvement - Compare against industry benchmarks - Adjust classification as needed Documentation: - Record classification rationale - Track performance impact - Update classification database Extreme Market Conditions During unprecedented market events, historical relationships may temporarily break down. Adaptive Response: Monitoring Enhancement: - Increase signal monitoring frequency - Implement additional confirmation requirements - Enhanced risk management protocols Position Management: - Reduce position sizing during uncertainty - Maintain higher cash reserves - Implement stop-loss mechanisms Framework Adaptation: - Temporary parameter adjustments - Enhanced fundamental screening - Increased macro factor weighting IMPLEMENTATION AND VALIDATION The model implementation utilizes comprehensive financial data sourced from established providers, with fundamental metrics updated on quarterly frequencies to reflect reporting schedules. Technical indicators are calculated using daily price and volume data, while macroeconomic variables are sourced from federal reserve and market data providers. Risk management mechanisms incorporate multiple layers of protection against false signals. The bankruptcy risk filter utilizes Altman Z-Scores below 1.8 combined with current ratios below 1.0 to identify companies facing potential financial distress. Liquidity crisis detection employs quick ratios below 0.5 combined with cash-to-debt ratios below 0.1. Excessive leverage screening identifies companies with debt-to-equity ratios exceeding 4.0 and interest coverage ratios below 2.0. Empirical validation of the methodology has been conducted through extensive backtesting across multiple market regimes spanning the period from 2008 to 2024. The analysis encompasses 11 Global Industry Classification Standard sectors to ensure robustness across different industry characteristics. Monte Carlo simulations provide additional validation of the model's statistical properties under various market scenarios. RESULTS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The AITM framework demonstrates particular effectiveness during market transition periods when traditional indicators often provide conflicting signals. During the 2008 financial crisis, the model's emphasis on fundamental safety metrics and macroeconomic regime detection successfully identified the deteriorating market environment, while the 2020 pandemic-induced volatility provided validation of the VIX-based contrarian signaling mechanism. Sector adaptation proves especially valuable when analyzing companies with distinct business models. Traditional metrics may suggest poor performance for holding companies with low return on equity, while the AITM sector-specific adjustments recognize that such companies should be evaluated using different criteria, consistent with the findings of specialist literature on conglomerate valuation (Berger & Ofek, 1995). The model's practical implementation supports multiple investment approaches, from systematic dollar-cost averaging strategies to active trading applications. Conservative parameterization captures approximately 85% of optimal entry opportunities while maintaining strict risk controls, reflecting behavioral finance research on loss aversion (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979). Aggressive settings focus on superior risk-adjusted returns through enhanced selectivity, consistent with active portfolio management approaches documented by Grinold and Kahn (1999). LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH Several limitations constrain the model's applicability and should be acknowledged. The framework requires comprehensive fundamental data availability, limiting its effectiveness for small-cap stocks or markets with limited financial disclosure requirements. Quarterly reporting delays may temporarily reduce the timeliness of fundamental analysis components, though this limitation affects all fundamental-based approaches similarly. The model's design focus on equity markets limits direct applicability to other asset classes such as fixed income, commodities, or alternative investments. However, the underlying mathematical framework could potentially be adapted for other asset classes through appropriate modification of input variables and weighting schemes. Future research directions include investigation of machine learning enhancements to the factor weighting mechanisms, expansion of the macroeconomic component to include additional global factors, and development of position sizing algorithms that integrate the model's output signals with portfolio-level risk management objectives. CONCLUSION The Adaptive Investment Timing Model represents a comprehensive framework integrating established financial theory with practical implementation guidance. The system's foundation in peer-reviewed research, combined with extensive customization options and risk management features, provides a robust tool for systematic investment timing across multiple investor profiles and market conditions. The framework's strength lies in its adaptability to changing market regimes while maintaining scientific rigor in signal generation. Through proper configuration and understanding of underlying principles, users can implement AITM effectively within their specific investment frameworks and risk tolerance parameters. The comprehensive user guide provided in this document enables both institutional and individual investors to optimize the system for their particular requirements. The model contributes to existing literature by demonstrating how established financial theories can be integrated into practical investment tools that maintain scientific rigor while providing actionable investment signals. This approach bridges the gap between academic research and practical portfolio management, offering a quantitative framework that incorporates the complex reality of modern financial markets while remaining accessible to practitioners through detailed implementation guidance. REFERENCES Altman, E. I. (1968). Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. Journal of Finance, 23(4), 589-609. Ang, A., & Bekaert, G. (2007). Stock return predictability: Is it there? Review of Financial Studies, 20(3), 651-707. Baker, M., & Wurgler, J. (2007). Investor sentiment in the stock market. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(2), 129-152. Berger, P. G., & Ofek, E. (1995). Diversification's effect on firm value. Journal of Financial Economics, 37(1), 39-65. Bollinger, J. (2001). Bollinger on Bollinger Bands. New York: McGraw-Hill. Calmar, T. (1991). The Calmar ratio: A smoother tool. Futures, 20(1), 40. Edwards, R. D., Magee, J., & Bassetti, W. H. C. (2018). Technical Analysis of Stock Trends. 11th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Estrella, A., & Mishkin, F. S. (1998). Predicting US recessions: Financial variables as leading indicators. Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(1), 45-61. Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1988). Dividend yields and expected stock returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 22(1), 3-25. Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1993). Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds. Journal of Financial Economics, 33(1), 3-56. Giot, P. (2005). Relationships between implied volatility indexes and stock index returns. Journal of Portfolio Management, 31(3), 92-100. Graham, B., & Dodd, D. L. (2008). Security Analysis. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Grinold, R. C., & Kahn, R. N. (1999). Active Portfolio Management. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Guidolin, M., & Timmermann, A. (2007). Asset allocation under multivariate regime switching. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 31(11), 3503-3544. Hamilton, J. D. (1989). A new approach to the economic analysis of nonstationary time series and the business cycle. Econometrica, 57(2), 357-384. Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263-291. Koenker, R., & Bassett Jr, G. (1978). Regression quantiles. Econometrica, 46(1), 33-50. Lakonishok, J., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1994). Contrarian investment, extrapolation, and risk. Journal of Finance, 49(5), 1541-1578. Lo, A. W., & MacKinlay, A. C. (1999). A Non-Random Walk Down Wall Street. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Malkiel, B. G. (2003). The efficient market hypothesis and its critics. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(1), 59-82. Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio selection. Journal of Finance, 7(1), 77-91. Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81-97. Penman, S. H. (2012). Financial Statement Analysis and Security Valuation. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Piotroski, J. D. (2000). Value investing: The use of historical financial statement information to separate winners from losers. Journal of Accounting Research, 38, 1-41. Sharpe, W. F. (1964). Capital asset prices: A theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk. Journal of Finance, 19(3), 425-442. Sharpe, W. F. (1994). The Sharpe ratio. Journal of Portfolio Management, 21(1), 49-58. Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness. New Haven: Yale University Press. Whaley, R. E. (1993). Derivatives on market volatility: Hedging tools long overdue. Journal of Derivatives, 1(1), 71-84. Whaley, R. E. (2000). The investor fear gauge. Journal of Portfolio Management, 26(3), 12-17. Wilder, J. W. (1978). New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems. Greensboro: Trend Research.
Pine Script® indicator
by EdgeTools
Multi Time Frame Supporting Candles (with EMA/VWAP)Overview This script provides a clean and, most importantly, correctly-scaled Multi-Time-Frame (MTF) analysis panel. It displays the candles of a higher timeframe (e.g., 1-hour candles while you are on a 5-minute chart) in a separate pane below your main chart. Crucially, it solves a common Pine Script scaling issue, allowing you to plot indicators like EMA and VWAP from the higher timeframe alongside the candles without distorting the display. This tool is essential for traders who practice Multi-Time-Frame Analysis, helping you stay aware of the larger trend context while executing trades on a lower timeframe.
Pine Script® indicator
by noobgoo
SMC Structures and FVGสวัสดีครับ! ผมจะอธิบายอินดิเคเตอร์ "SMC Structures and FVG + MACD" ที่คุณให้มาอย่างละเอียดในแต่ละส่วน เพื่อให้คุณเข้าใจการทำงานของมันอย่างถ่องแท้ครับ อินดิเคเตอร์นี้เป็นการผสมผสานแนวคิดของ Smart Money Concept (SMC) ซึ่งเน้นการวิเคราะห์โครงสร้างตลาด (Market Structure) และ Fair Value Gap (FVG) เข้ากับอินดิเคเตอร์ MACD เพื่อใช้เป็นตัวกรองหรือตัวยืนยันสัญญาณ Choch/BoS (Change of Character / Break of Structure) 1. ภาพรวมอินดิเคเตอร์ (Overall Purpose) อินดิเคเตอร์นี้มีจุดประสงค์หลักคือ: ระบุโครงสร้างตลาด: ตีเส้นและป้ายกำกับ Choch (Change of Character) และ BoS (Break of Structure) บนกราฟโดยอัตโนมัติ ผสานการยืนยันด้วย MACD: สัญญาณ Choch/BoS จะถูกพิจารณาก็ต่อเมื่อ MACD Histogram เกิดการตัดขึ้นหรือลง (Zero Cross) ในทิศทางที่สอดคล้องกัน แสดง Fair Value Gap (FVG): หากเปิดใช้งาน จะมีการตีกล่อง FVG บนกราฟ แสดงระดับ Fibonacci: คำนวณและแสดงระดับ Fibonacci ที่สำคัญตามโครงสร้างตลาดปัจจุบัน ปรับตาม Timeframe: การคำนวณและการแสดงผลทั้งหมดจะปรับตาม Timeframe ที่คุณกำลังใช้งานอยู่โดยอัตโนมัติ 2. ส่วนประกอบหลักของโค้ด (Code Breakdown) โค้ดนี้สามารถแบ่งออกเป็นส่วนหลัก ๆ ได้ดังนี้: 2.1 Inputs (การตั้งค่า) ส่วนนี้คือตัวแปรที่คุณสามารถปรับแต่งได้ในหน้าต่างการตั้งค่าของอินดิเคเตอร์ (คลิกที่รูปฟันเฟืองข้างชื่ออินดิเคเตอร์บนกราฟ) MACD Settings (ตั้งค่า MACD): fast_len: ความยาวของ Fast EMA สำหรับ MACD (ค่าเริ่มต้น 12) slow_len: ความยาวของ Slow EMA สำหรับ MACD (ค่าเริ่มต้น 26) signal_len: ความยาวของ Signal Line สำหรับ MACD (ค่าเริ่มต้น 9) = ta.macd(close, fast_len, slow_len, signal_len): คำนวณค่า MACD Line, Signal Line และ Histogram โดยใช้ราคาปิด (close) และค่าความยาวที่กำหนด is_bullish_macd_cross: ตรวจสอบว่า MACD Histogram ตัดขึ้นเหนือเส้น 0 (จากค่าลบเป็นบวก) is_bearish_macd_cross: ตรวจสอบว่า MACD Histogram ตัดลงใต้เส้น 0 (จากค่าบวกเป็นลบ) Fear Value Gap (FVG) Settings: isFvgToShow: (Boolean) เปิด/ปิดการแสดง FVG บนกราฟ bullishFvgColor: สีสำหรับ Bullish FVG bearishFvgColor: สีสำหรับ Bearish FVG mitigatedFvgColor: สีสำหรับ FVG ที่ถูก Mitigate (ลดทอน) แล้ว fvgHistoryNbr: จำนวน FVG ย้อนหลังที่จะแสดง isMitigatedFvgToReduce: (Boolean) เปิด/ปิดการลดขนาด FVG เมื่อถูก Mitigate Structures (โครงสร้างตลาด) Settings: isStructBodyCandleBreak: (Boolean) หากเป็น true การ Break จะต้องเกิดขึ้นด้วย เนื้อเทียน ที่ปิดเหนือ/ใต้ Swing High/Low หากเป็น false แค่ไส้เทียนทะลุก็ถือว่า Break isCurrentStructToShow: (Boolean) เปิด/ปิดการแสดงเส้นโครงสร้างตลาดปัจจุบัน (เส้นสีน้ำเงินในภาพตัวอย่าง) pivot_len: ความยาวของแท่งเทียนที่ใช้ในการมองหาจุด Pivot (Swing High/Low) ยิ่งค่าน้อยยิ่งจับ Swing เล็กๆ ได้, ยิ่งค่ามากยิ่งจับ Swing ใหญ่ๆ ได้ bullishBosColor, bearishBosColor: สีสำหรับเส้นและป้าย BOS ขาขึ้น/ขาลง bosLineStyleOption, bosLineWidth: สไตล์ (Solid, Dotted, Dashed) และความหนาของเส้น BOS bullishChochColor, bearishChochColor: สีสำหรับเส้นและป้าย CHoCH ขาขึ้น/ขาลง chochLineStyleOption, chochLineWidth: สไตล์ (Solid, Dotted, Dashed) และความหนาของเส้น CHoCH currentStructColor, currentStructLineStyleOption, currentStructLineWidth: สี, สไตล์ และความหนาของเส้นโครงสร้างตลาดปัจจุบัน structHistoryNbr: จำนวนการ Break (Choch/BoS) ย้อนหลังที่จะแสดง Structure Fibonacci (จากโค้ดต้นฉบับ): เป็นชุด Input สำหรับเปิด/ปิด, กำหนดค่า, สี, สไตล์ และความหนาของเส้น Fibonacci Levels ต่างๆ (0.786, 0.705, 0.618, 0.5, 0.382) ที่จะถูกคำนวณจากโครงสร้างตลาดปัจจุบัน 2.2 Helper Functions (ฟังก์ชันช่วยทำงาน) getLineStyle(lineOption): ฟังก์ชันนี้ใช้แปลงค่า String ที่เลือกจาก Input (เช่น "─", "┈", "╌") ให้เป็นรูปแบบ line.style_ ที่ Pine Script เข้าใจ get_structure_highest_bar(lookback): ฟังก์ชันนี้พยายามหา Bar Index ของแท่งเทียนที่ทำ Swing High ภายในช่วง lookback ที่กำหนด get_structure_lowest_bar(lookback): ฟังก์ชันนี้พยายามหา Bar Index ของแท่งเทียนที่ทำ Swing Low ภายในช่วง lookback ที่กำหนด is_structure_high_broken(...): ฟังก์ชันนี้ตรวจสอบว่าราคาปัจจุบันได้ Break เหนือ _structureHigh (Swing High) หรือไม่ โดยพิจารณาจาก _highStructBreakPrice (ราคาปิดหรือราคา High ขึ้นอยู่กับการตั้งค่า isStructBodyCandleBreak) FVGDraw(...): ฟังก์ชันนี้รับ Arrays ของ FVG Boxes, Types, Mitigation Status และ Labels มาประมวลผล เพื่ออัปเดตสถานะของ FVG (เช่น ถูก Mitigate หรือไม่) และปรับขนาด/ตำแหน่งของ FVG Box และ Label บนกราฟ 2.3 Global Variables (ตัวแปรทั่วทั้งอินดิเคเตอร์) เป็นตัวแปรที่ประกาศด้วย var ซึ่งหมายความว่าค่าของมันจะถูกเก็บไว้และอัปเดตในแต่ละแท่งเทียน (persists across bars) structureLines, structureLabels: Arrays สำหรับเก็บอ็อบเจกต์ line และ label ของเส้น Choch/BoS ที่วาดบนกราฟ fvgBoxes, fvgTypes, fvgLabels, isFvgMitigated: Arrays สำหรับเก็บข้อมูลของ FVG Boxes และสถานะต่างๆ structureHigh, structureLow: เก็บราคาของ Swing High/Low ที่สำคัญของโครงสร้างตลาดปัจจุบัน structureHighStartIndex, structureLowStartIndex: เก็บ Bar Index ของจุดเริ่มต้นของ Swing High/Low ที่สำคัญ structureDirection: เก็บสถานะของทิศทางโครงสร้างตลาด (1 = Bullish, 2 = Bearish, 0 = Undefined) fiboXPrice, fiboXStartIndex, fiboXLine, fiboXLabel: ตัวแปรสำหรับเก็บข้อมูลและอ็อบเจกต์ของเส้น Fibonacci Levels isBOSAlert, isCHOCHAlert: (Boolean) ใช้สำหรับส่งสัญญาณ Alert (หากมีการตั้งค่า Alert ไว้) 2.4 FVG Processing (การประมวลผล FVG) ส่วนนี้จะตรวจสอบเงื่อนไขการเกิด FVG (Bullish FVG: high < low , Bearish FVG: low > high ) หากเกิด FVG และ isFvgToShow เป็น true จะมีการสร้าง box และ label ใหม่เพื่อแสดง FVG บนกราฟ มีการจัดการ fvgBoxes และ fvgLabels เพื่อจำกัดจำนวน FVG ที่แสดงตาม fvgHistoryNbr และลบ FVG เก่าออก ฟังก์ชัน FVGDraw จะถูกเรียกเพื่ออัปเดตสถานะของ FVG (เช่น การถูก Mitigate) และปรับการแสดงผล 2.5 Structures Processing (การประมวลผลโครงสร้างตลาด) Initialization: ที่ bar_index == 0 (แท่งเทียนแรกของกราฟ) จะมีการกำหนดค่าเริ่มต้นให้กับ structureHigh, structureLow, structureHighStartIndex, structureLowStartIndex Finding Current High/Low: highest, highestBar, lowest, lowestBar ถูกใช้เพื่อหา High/Low ที่สุดและ Bar Index ของมันใน 10 แท่งล่าสุด (หรือทั้งหมดหากกราฟสั้นกว่า 10 แท่ง) Calculating Structure Max/Min Bar: structureMaxBar และ structureMinBar ใช้ฟังก์ชัน get_structure_highest_bar และ get_structure_lowest_bar เพื่อหา Bar Index ของ Swing High/Low ที่แท้จริง (ไม่ใช่แค่ High/Low ที่สุดใน lookback แต่เป็นจุด Pivot ที่สมบูรณ์) Break Price: lowStructBreakPrice และ highStructBreakPrice จะเป็นราคาปิด (close) หรือราคา Low/High ขึ้นอยู่กับ isStructBodyCandleBreak isStuctureLowBroken / isStructureHighBroken: เงื่อนไขเหล่านี้ตรวจสอบว่าราคาได้ทำลาย structureLow หรือ structureHigh หรือไม่ โดยพิจารณาจากราคา Break, ราคาแท่งก่อนหน้า และ Bar Index ของจุดเริ่มต้นโครงสร้าง Choch/BoS Logic (ส่วนสำคัญที่ถูกผสานกับ MACD): if(isStuctureLowBroken and is_bearish_macd_cross): นี่คือจุดที่ MACD เข้ามามีบทบาท หากราคาทำลาย structureLow (สัญญาณขาลง) และ MACD Histogram เกิด Bearish Zero Cross (is_bearish_macd_cross เป็น true) อินดิเคเตอร์จะพิจารณาว่าเป็น Choch หรือ BoS หาก structureDirection == 1 (เดิมเป็นขาขึ้น) หรือ 0 (ยังไม่กำหนด) จะตีเป็น "CHoCH" (เปลี่ยนทิศทางโครงสร้างเป็นขาลง) หาก structureDirection == 2 (เดิมเป็นขาลง) จะตีเป็น "BOS" (ยืนยันโครงสร้างขาลง) มีการสร้าง line.new และ label.new เพื่อวาดเส้นและป้ายกำกับ structureDirection จะถูกอัปเดตเป็น 1 (Bullish) structureHighStartIndex, structureLowStartIndex, structureHigh, structureLow จะถูกอัปเดตเพื่อกำหนดโครงสร้างใหม่ else if(isStructureHighBroken and is_bullish_macd_cross): เช่นกันสำหรับขาขึ้น หากราคาทำลาย structureHigh (สัญญาณขาขึ้น) และ MACD Histogram เกิด Bullish Zero Cross (is_bullish_macd_cross เป็น true) อินดิเคเตอร์จะพิจารณาว่าเป็น Choch หรือ BoS หาก structureDirection == 2 (เดิมเป็นขาลง) หรือ 0 (ยังไม่กำหนด) จะตีเป็น "CHoCH" (เปลี่ยนทิศทางโครงสร้างเป็นขาขึ้น) หาก structureDirection == 1 (เดิมเป็นขาขึ้น) จะตีเป็น "BOS" (ยืนยันโครงสร้างขาขึ้น) มีการสร้าง line.new และ label.new เพื่อวาดเส้นและป้ายกำกับ structureDirection จะถูกอัปเดตเป็น 2 (Bearish) structureHighStartIndex, structureLowStartIndex, structureHigh, structureLow จะถูกอัปเดตเพื่อกำหนดโครงสร้างใหม่ การลบเส้นเก่า: d.delete_line (หากไลบรารีทำงาน) จะถูกเรียกเพื่อลบเส้นและป้ายกำกับเก่าออกเมื่อจำนวนเกิน structHistoryNbr Updating Structure High/Low (else block): หากไม่มีการ Break เกิดขึ้น แต่ราคาปัจจุบันสูงกว่า structureHigh หรือต่ำกว่า structureLow ในทิศทางที่สอดคล้องกัน (เช่น ยังคงเป็นขาขึ้นและทำ High ใหม่) structureHigh หรือ structureLow จะถูกอัปเดตเพื่อติดตาม High/Low ที่สุดของโครงสร้างปัจจุบัน Current Structure Display: หาก isCurrentStructToShow เป็น true อินดิเคเตอร์จะวาดเส้น structureHighLine และ structureLowLine เพื่อแสดงขอบเขตของโครงสร้างตลาดปัจจุบัน Fibonacci Display: หาก isFiboXToShow เป็น true อินดิเคเตอร์จะคำนวณและวาดเส้น Fibonacci Levels ต่างๆ (0.786, 0.705, 0.618, 0.5, 0.382) โดยอิงจาก structureHigh และ structureLow ของโครงสร้างตลาดปัจจุบัน Alerts: alertcondition: ใช้สำหรับตั้งค่า Alert ใน TradingView เมื่อเกิดสัญญาณ BOS หรือ CHOCH plot(na): plot(na) เป็นคำสั่งที่สำคัญในอินดิเคเตอร์ที่ไม่ได้ต้องการพล็อต Series ของข้อมูลบนกราฟ (เช่น ไม่ได้พล็อตเส้น EMA หรือ RSI) แต่ใช้วาดอ็อบเจกต์ (Line, Label, Box) โดยตรง การมี plot(na) ช่วยให้ Pine Script รู้ว่าอินดิเคเตอร์นี้มีเอาต์พุตที่แสดงผลบนกราฟ แม้ว่าจะไม่ได้เป็น Series ที่พล็อตตามปกติก็ตาม 3. วิธีใช้งาน คัดลอกโค้ดทั้งหมด ที่อยู่ในบล็อก immersive ด้านบน ไปที่ TradingView และเปิดกราฟที่คุณต้องการ คลิกที่เมนู "Pine Editor" ที่อยู่ด้านล่างของหน้าจอ ลบโค้ดเดิมที่มีอยู่ และ วางโค้ดที่คัดลอกมา ลงไปแทน คลิกที่ปุ่ม "Add to Chart" อินดิเคเตอร์จะถูกเพิ่มลงในกราฟของคุณโดยอัตโนมัติ คุณสามารถคลิกที่รูปฟันเฟืองข้างชื่ออินดิเคเตอร์บนกราฟเพื่อเข้าถึงหน้าต่างการตั้งค่าและปรับแต่งตามความต้องการของคุณได้ Hello! I will explain the "SMC Structures and FVG + MACD" indicator you provided in detail, section by section, so you can fully understand how it works.This indicator combines the concepts of Smart Money Concept (SMC), which focuses on analyzing Market Structure and Fair Value Gaps (FVG), with the MACD indicator to serve as a filter or confirmation for Choch (Change of Character) and BoS (Break of Structure) signals.1. Overall PurposeThe main purposes of this indicator are:Identify Market Structure: Automatically draw lines and label Choch (Change of Character) and BoS (Break of Structure) on the chart.Integrate MACD Confirmation: Choch/BoS signals will only be considered when the MACD Histogram performs a cross (Zero Cross) in the corresponding direction.Display Fair Value Gap (FVG): If enabled, FVG boxes will be drawn on the chart.Display Fibonacci Levels: Calculate and display important Fibonacci levels based on the current market structure.Adapt to Timeframe: All calculations and displays will automatically adjust to the timeframe you are currently using.2. Code BreakdownThis code can be divided into the following main sections:2.1 Inputs (Settings)This section contains variables that you can adjust in the indicator's settings window (click the gear icon next to the indicator's name on the chart).MACD Settings:fast_len: Length of the Fast EMA for MACD (default 12)slow_len: Length of the Slow EMA for MACD (default 26)signal_len: Length of the Signal Line for MACD (default 9) = ta.macd(close, fast_len, slow_len, signal_len): Calculates the MACD Line, Signal Line, and Histogram using the closing price (close) and the specified lengths.is_bullish_macd_cross: Checks if the MACD Histogram crosses above the 0 line (from negative to positive).is_bearish_macd_cross: Checks if the MACD Histogram crosses below the 0 line (from positive to negative).Fear Value Gap (FVG) Settings:isFvgToShow: (Boolean) Enables/disables the display of FVG on the chart.bullishFvgColor: Color for Bullish FVG.bearishFvgColor: Color for Bearish FVG.mitigatedFvgColor: Color for FVG that has been mitigated.fvgHistoryNbr: Number of historical FVG to display.isMitigatedFvgToReduce: (Boolean) Enables/disables reducing the size of FVG when mitigated.Structures (โครงสร้างตลาด) Settings:isStructBodyCandleBreak: (Boolean) If true, the break must occur with the candle body closing above/below the Swing High/Low. If false, a wick break is sufficient.isCurrentStructToShow: (Boolean) Enables/disables the display of the current market structure lines (blue lines in the example image).pivot_len: Lookback length for identifying Pivot points (Swing High/Low). A smaller value captures smaller, more frequent swings; a larger value captures larger, more significant swings.bullishBosColor, bearishBosColor: Colors for bullish/bearish BOS lines and labels.bosLineStyleOption, bosLineWidth: Style (Solid, Dotted, Dashed) and width of BOS lines.bullishChochColor, bearishChochColor: Colors for bullish/bearish CHoCH lines and labels.chochLineStyleOption, chochLineWidth: Style (Solid, Dotted, Dashed) and width of CHoCH lines.currentStructColor, currentStructLineStyleOption, currentStructLineWidth: Color, style, and width of the current market structure lines.structHistoryNbr: Number of historical breaks (Choch/BoS) to display.Structure Fibonacci (from original code):A set of inputs to enable/disable, define values, colors, styles, and widths for various Fibonacci Levels (0.786, 0.705, 0.618, 0.5, 0.382) that will be calculated from the current market structure.2.2 Helper FunctionsgetLineStyle(lineOption): This function converts the selected string input (e.g., "─", "┈", "╌") into a line.style_ format understood by Pine Script.get_structure_highest_bar(lookback): This function attempts to find the Bar Index of the Swing High within the specified lookback period.get_structure_lowest_bar(lookback): This function attempts to find the Bar Index of the Swing Low within the specified lookback period.is_structure_high_broken(...): This function checks if the current price has broken above _structureHigh (Swing High), considering _highStructBreakPrice (closing price or high price depending on isStructBodyCandleBreak setting).FVGDraw(...): This function takes arrays of FVG Boxes, Types, Mitigation Status, and Labels to process and update the status of FVG (e.g., whether it's mitigated) and adjust the size/position of FVG Boxes and Labels on the chart.2.3 Global VariablesThese are variables declared with var, meaning their values are stored and updated on each bar (persists across bars).structureLines, structureLabels: Arrays to store line and label objects for Choch/BoS lines drawn on the chart.fvgBoxes, fvgTypes, fvgLabels, isFvgMitigated: Arrays to store FVG box data and their respective statuses.structureHigh, structureLow: Stores the price of the significant Swing High/Low of the current market structure.structureHighStartIndex, structureLowStartIndex: Stores the Bar Index of the start point of the significant Swing High/Low.structureDirection: Stores the status of the market structure direction (1 = Bullish, 2 = Bearish, 0 = Undefined).fiboXPrice, fiboXStartIndex, fiboXLine, fiboXLabel: Variables to store data and objects for Fibonacci Levels.isBOSAlert, isCHOCHAlert: (Boolean) Used to trigger alerts in TradingView (if alerts are configured).2.4 FVG ProcessingThis section checks the conditions for FVG formation (Bullish FVG: high < low , Bearish FVG: low > high ).If FVG occurs and isFvgToShow is true, a new box and label are created to display the FVG on the chart.fvgBoxes and fvgLabels are managed to limit the number of FVG displayed according to fvgHistoryNbr and remove older FVG.The FVGDraw function is called to update the FVG status (e.g., whether it's mitigated) and adjust its display.2.5 Structures ProcessingInitialization: At bar_index == 0 (the first bar of the chart), structureHigh, structureLow, structureHighStartIndex, and structureLowStartIndex are initialized.Finding Current High/Low: highest, highestBar, lowest, lowestBar are used to find the highest/lowest price and its Bar Index of it in the last 10 bars (or all bars if the chart is shorter than 10 bars).Calculating Structure Max/Min Bar: structureMaxBar and structureMinBar use get_structure_highest_bar and get_structure_lowest_bar functions to find the Bar Index of the true Swing High/Low (not just the highest/lowest in the lookback but a complete Pivot point).Break Price: lowStructBreakPrice and highStructBreakPrice will be the closing price (close) or the Low/High price, depending on the isStructBodyCandleBreak setting.isStuctureLowBroken / isStructureHighBroken: These conditions check if the price has broken structureLow or structureHigh, considering the break price, previous bar prices, and the Bar Index of the structure's starting point.Choch/BoS Logic (Key Integration with MACD):if(isStuctureLowBroken and is_bearish_macd_cross): This is where MACD plays a role. If the price breaks structureLow (bearish signal) AND the MACD Histogram performs a Bearish Zero Cross (is_bearish_macd_cross is true), the indicator will consider it a Choch or BoS.If structureDirection == 1 (previously bullish) or 0 (undefined), it will be labeled "CHoCH" (changing structure direction to bearish).If structureDirection == 2 (already bearish), it will be labeled "BOS" (confirming bearish structure).line.new and label.new are used to draw the line and label.structureDirection will be updated to 1 (Bullish).structureHighStartIndex, structureLowStartIndex, structureHigh, structureLow will be updated to define the new structure.else if(isStructureHighBroken and is_bullish_macd_cross): Similarly for bullish breaks. If the price breaks structureHigh (bullish signal) AND the MACD Histogram performs a Bullish Zero Cross (is_bullish_macd_cross is true), the indicator will consider it a Choch or BoS.If structureDirection == 2 (previously bearish) or 0 (undefined), it will be labeled "CHoCH" (changing structure direction to bullish).If structureDirection == 1 (already bullish), it will be labeled "BOS" (confirming bullish structure).line.new and label.new are used to draw the line and label.structureDirection will be updated to 2 (Bearish).structureHighStartIndex, structureLowStartIndex, structureHigh, structureLow will be updated to define the new structure.Deleting Old Lines: d.delete_line (if the library works) will be called to delete old lines and labels when their number exceeds structHistoryNbr.Updating Structure High/Low (else block): If no break occurs, but the current price is higher than structureHigh or lower than structureLow in the corresponding direction (e.g., still bullish and making a new high), structureHigh or structureLow will be updated to track the highest/lowest point of the current structure.Current Structure Display:If isCurrentStructToShow is true, the indicator draws structureHighLine and structureLowLine to show the boundaries of the current market structure.Fibonacci Display:If isFiboXToShow is true, the indicator calculates and draws various Fibonacci Levels (0.786, 0.705, 0.618, 0.5, 0.382) based on the structureHigh and structureLow of the current market structure.Alerts:alertcondition: Used to set up alerts in TradingView when BOS or CHOCH signals occur.plot(na):plot(na) is an important statement in indicators that do not plot data series directly on the chart (e.g., not plotting EMA or RSI lines) but instead draw objects (Line, Label, Box).Having plot(na) helps Pine Script recognize that this indicator has an output displayed on the chart, even if it's not a regularly plotted series.3. How to UseCopy all the code in the immersive block above.Go to TradingView and open your desired chart.Click on the "Pine Editor" menu at the bottom of the screen.Delete any existing code and paste the copied code in its place.Click the "Add to Chart" button.The indicator will be added to your chart automatically. You can click the gear icon next to the indicator's name on the chart to access the settings window and customize it to your needs.I hope this explanation helps you understand this indicator in detail. If anything is unclear, or you need further adjustments, please let me know.
Pine Script® indicator
by Mr-7TRILL