GBP
FUNDAMENTAL BIAS: WEAK BULLISH
1. Monetary Policy
Hawkish surprise with a hint of dovish undertones sums up the Feb BoE decision. The bank announced the start of passive QT and hiked rates by 25bsp as expected, but the vote split was unanimous (9-0) but with a big hawkish surprise being 4 MPC members voting for a 50bsp hike. Inflation forecasts saw a big upward revision to a 7.25% peak by April (prev. 6.0%) & 5.21% in 1-year (prev. 3.40%). This initial hawkish statement saw immediate strength for GBP but during the press conference the BoE tried their best to get a dovish landing. Gov Bailey started his opening remarks by noting that the MPC’s decision to hike was not because the economy
was strong but only because higher rates were necessary to return inflation to target, and even though he opened the door for further hikes he added that markets should not assume rates are on a long march higher. He also acknowledged the stagflation fears recently voiced by some market participants by saying that policy faces a trade-off between weakening growth and higher inflation. Despite the dovish nuances, STIR markets still price an implied cash rate of 1.0% by May which would mean a 25bsp in both March and May (1.0% is the level the BoE previously said they would being outright Gilt selling). Overall, the statement was hawkish, but the clear dovish undertones from the BoE was a bit surprising and also a bit worrisome for the future outlook.
2. Economic & Health Developments
Even though growth estimates for the UK remain on solid footing, not everyone shares that optimism (Refinitiv polling data). With inflation the main reason for the BoE’s recent rate hikes, there is a concern that the UK economy faces a risk of stagflation, with inflation staying sticky while growth decelerates. That also means that current market expectations for rates looks way too aggressive and means downside risks for GBP should growth data push lower and inflation data stay high or even accelerate from here.
3. Political Developments
Domestic political uncertainty usually leads to higher risk premiumsfor GBP, so the fate of PM Johnson remains a focus. Fallout from the heavily redacted Sue Gray report was limited but with growing distrust from within his party the question remains whether a vote of no-confidence will happen (if so, that could see short-term downside), and then focus will be on whether the PM can survive an actual vote of no-confidence, where a win should be GBP positive and negative for GBP if he loses. The Northern Ireland protocol is still in focus with the UK threatening to trigger Article 16 and the EU threatening to terminate the Brexit deal if they do. For now,
markets have rightly ignored this as posturing, but any actual escalation can see sharp downside for GBP.
4. CFTC Analysis
The confusion from last week’s COT data for Sterling has not been resolved with the recent print, showing a very sizeable increase in net-longs just as the GBP saw quite a jolt lower. With the recent ups and downs in CFTC data for Sterling it might be best not to make too much of the swings until they form a steady trend.
5. The Week Ahead
In the UK we have an important batch of Jan data with jobs, CPI and retail sales. For jobs, the focus will fall predominantly on wages with the BoE voicing concerns that domestic cost pressures have been driven by a tight labour market. Thus, a big miss or beat in earnings can create short-term volatility for Sterling. For CPI, consensus expects the MM measures to contract while YY headline is expected flat and a slight increase for YY Core. It’s important to keep in mind that the BoE have projected a CPI peak of 7.25% in April and a print around 6% for Feb and March, which means it would take a number north of 6% to spark more concerns from the BoE. For Retail Sales, consensus expects a bounce in Jan of 0.6%, up from the dismal Dec print of -3.7%. Analysts point to a ‘post-Black Friday’ pullback and Omicron as the main culprits for the miss in Dec, which means a bounce in Jan should make sense if that was the case. With growing ‘stagflation’ concerns for the UK among market participants, a further miss would not bode well for the growth outlook.
USD
FUNDAMENTAL BIAS: BULLISH
1. Monetary Policy
The Jan FOMC decision was hawkish on multiple fronts. The statement signalled a March hike as expected, but Chair Powell portrayed a very hawkish tone. Even though Powell said they can’t predict the rate path with certainty, he stressed the economy is in much better shape compared to the 2015 cycle and that will have implications for the pace of hikes (more and faster). Furthermore, he explained that there is ‘quite a bit of room’ to raise rates without damaging employment, which suggests upside risks to the rate path. A big question going into the meeting was how concerned the Fed was about recent equity market volatility. But the Chair explained that markets and financial conditions are reflecting policy changes in advance and that in aggregate the measures they look at isn’t showing red lights. Thus, any ‘Fed Put’ is much further away and inflation is the Fed’s biggest
concern right now. The Chair also didn’t rule out the possibility of a 50bsp hike in March or possibly hiking at every meeting this year, which was hawkish as it means the Fed wants optionality to move more aggressive if they need to. We didn’t get new info on the balance sheet and Powell reiterated that they’re contemplating a start of QT after hiking has begun and they’ll discuss this in coming meetings. Overall, the tone and language was a lot more hawkish than the Dec meeting and more hawkish than consensus was expecting.
2. Global & Domestic Economy
As the reserve currency, the USD’s global usage means it’s usually inversely correlated to the global economy and global trade. Thus, USD usually appreciates when growth & inflation slow (disinflation) and depreciates when growth & inflation accelerates (reflation). With expectations that growth and inflation will decelerate this year that should be a positive input for the USD. However, incoming data will also be important in relation to the ‘Fed Put’. There are many similarities between now and 4Q18, where the Fed were also tightening aggressively going into an economic slowdown. As long as growth data slows and the Fed stays aggressive that is a positive for the USD, but if it causes a dovish Fed pivot and lower rate repricing it would be a negative input for the USD.
3. CFTC Analysis
Despite the hawkish pivot from the ECB two weeks ago and despite the strong push higher in the EUR and lower in the USD, positioning has yet to reflect any meaningful reduction in net-longs. Thus, with the number of rates priced in for the Fed already it does make the USD vulnerable to squeezes so worth keeping in mind.
4. The Week Ahead
On the data front markets will keep close tabs on producer prices after the Jan CPI print, keeping in mind that PPI has a greater influence on PCE (the Fed’s preferred measure of inflation). Markets expect a slowdown in PPI, and since the Fed has tunnel vision for price pressures a bigger-than-expected miss could add pressure to the USD as a lot of Fed hikes have already been priced. On the growth side we have Retail Sales and Industrial Production, where both are expected to recover from the Dec drop, which participants said was mainly due to seasonal adjustments and purchases being brought forward. However, in light of other recent growth data there are doubts. In terms of USD reaction, as both of these are growth measures, there is the chance that the USD
sees a similar inverse reaction like we’ve seen with other growth measures in recent weeks. We’ll also need to keep Fed speak on the radar after the explosive comments from Fed’s Bullard a well as the subsequent ‘sources’ pieces in Bloomberg and CNBC trying to talk back his comments. Stern push back could be enough to pressure the USD, while comments confirming a 50bsp hike should be supportive. We’ll also get the FOMC meeting minutes for Jan, but with recent developments and Fed speak after the meeting it might be old news. The other big development to watch will be Russia\Ukraine tensions with the US media sparking renewed fears of an invasion. Any risk off flows from further fears of invasion or actual escalations should be supportive for the USD as the world’s reserve currency and a safe haven, while strong de-escalation is expected to be negative.
FUNDAMENTAL BIAS: WEAK BULLISH
1. Monetary Policy
Hawkish surprise with a hint of dovish undertones sums up the Feb BoE decision. The bank announced the start of passive QT and hiked rates by 25bsp as expected, but the vote split was unanimous (9-0) but with a big hawkish surprise being 4 MPC members voting for a 50bsp hike. Inflation forecasts saw a big upward revision to a 7.25% peak by April (prev. 6.0%) & 5.21% in 1-year (prev. 3.40%). This initial hawkish statement saw immediate strength for GBP but during the press conference the BoE tried their best to get a dovish landing. Gov Bailey started his opening remarks by noting that the MPC’s decision to hike was not because the economy
was strong but only because higher rates were necessary to return inflation to target, and even though he opened the door for further hikes he added that markets should not assume rates are on a long march higher. He also acknowledged the stagflation fears recently voiced by some market participants by saying that policy faces a trade-off between weakening growth and higher inflation. Despite the dovish nuances, STIR markets still price an implied cash rate of 1.0% by May which would mean a 25bsp in both March and May (1.0% is the level the BoE previously said they would being outright Gilt selling). Overall, the statement was hawkish, but the clear dovish undertones from the BoE was a bit surprising and also a bit worrisome for the future outlook.
2. Economic & Health Developments
Even though growth estimates for the UK remain on solid footing, not everyone shares that optimism (Refinitiv polling data). With inflation the main reason for the BoE’s recent rate hikes, there is a concern that the UK economy faces a risk of stagflation, with inflation staying sticky while growth decelerates. That also means that current market expectations for rates looks way too aggressive and means downside risks for GBP should growth data push lower and inflation data stay high or even accelerate from here.
3. Political Developments
Domestic political uncertainty usually leads to higher risk premiumsfor GBP, so the fate of PM Johnson remains a focus. Fallout from the heavily redacted Sue Gray report was limited but with growing distrust from within his party the question remains whether a vote of no-confidence will happen (if so, that could see short-term downside), and then focus will be on whether the PM can survive an actual vote of no-confidence, where a win should be GBP positive and negative for GBP if he loses. The Northern Ireland protocol is still in focus with the UK threatening to trigger Article 16 and the EU threatening to terminate the Brexit deal if they do. For now,
markets have rightly ignored this as posturing, but any actual escalation can see sharp downside for GBP.
4. CFTC Analysis
The confusion from last week’s COT data for Sterling has not been resolved with the recent print, showing a very sizeable increase in net-longs just as the GBP saw quite a jolt lower. With the recent ups and downs in CFTC data for Sterling it might be best not to make too much of the swings until they form a steady trend.
5. The Week Ahead
In the UK we have an important batch of Jan data with jobs, CPI and retail sales. For jobs, the focus will fall predominantly on wages with the BoE voicing concerns that domestic cost pressures have been driven by a tight labour market. Thus, a big miss or beat in earnings can create short-term volatility for Sterling. For CPI, consensus expects the MM measures to contract while YY headline is expected flat and a slight increase for YY Core. It’s important to keep in mind that the BoE have projected a CPI peak of 7.25% in April and a print around 6% for Feb and March, which means it would take a number north of 6% to spark more concerns from the BoE. For Retail Sales, consensus expects a bounce in Jan of 0.6%, up from the dismal Dec print of -3.7%. Analysts point to a ‘post-Black Friday’ pullback and Omicron as the main culprits for the miss in Dec, which means a bounce in Jan should make sense if that was the case. With growing ‘stagflation’ concerns for the UK among market participants, a further miss would not bode well for the growth outlook.
USD
FUNDAMENTAL BIAS: BULLISH
1. Monetary Policy
The Jan FOMC decision was hawkish on multiple fronts. The statement signalled a March hike as expected, but Chair Powell portrayed a very hawkish tone. Even though Powell said they can’t predict the rate path with certainty, he stressed the economy is in much better shape compared to the 2015 cycle and that will have implications for the pace of hikes (more and faster). Furthermore, he explained that there is ‘quite a bit of room’ to raise rates without damaging employment, which suggests upside risks to the rate path. A big question going into the meeting was how concerned the Fed was about recent equity market volatility. But the Chair explained that markets and financial conditions are reflecting policy changes in advance and that in aggregate the measures they look at isn’t showing red lights. Thus, any ‘Fed Put’ is much further away and inflation is the Fed’s biggest
concern right now. The Chair also didn’t rule out the possibility of a 50bsp hike in March or possibly hiking at every meeting this year, which was hawkish as it means the Fed wants optionality to move more aggressive if they need to. We didn’t get new info on the balance sheet and Powell reiterated that they’re contemplating a start of QT after hiking has begun and they’ll discuss this in coming meetings. Overall, the tone and language was a lot more hawkish than the Dec meeting and more hawkish than consensus was expecting.
2. Global & Domestic Economy
As the reserve currency, the USD’s global usage means it’s usually inversely correlated to the global economy and global trade. Thus, USD usually appreciates when growth & inflation slow (disinflation) and depreciates when growth & inflation accelerates (reflation). With expectations that growth and inflation will decelerate this year that should be a positive input for the USD. However, incoming data will also be important in relation to the ‘Fed Put’. There are many similarities between now and 4Q18, where the Fed were also tightening aggressively going into an economic slowdown. As long as growth data slows and the Fed stays aggressive that is a positive for the USD, but if it causes a dovish Fed pivot and lower rate repricing it would be a negative input for the USD.
3. CFTC Analysis
Despite the hawkish pivot from the ECB two weeks ago and despite the strong push higher in the EUR and lower in the USD, positioning has yet to reflect any meaningful reduction in net-longs. Thus, with the number of rates priced in for the Fed already it does make the USD vulnerable to squeezes so worth keeping in mind.
4. The Week Ahead
On the data front markets will keep close tabs on producer prices after the Jan CPI print, keeping in mind that PPI has a greater influence on PCE (the Fed’s preferred measure of inflation). Markets expect a slowdown in PPI, and since the Fed has tunnel vision for price pressures a bigger-than-expected miss could add pressure to the USD as a lot of Fed hikes have already been priced. On the growth side we have Retail Sales and Industrial Production, where both are expected to recover from the Dec drop, which participants said was mainly due to seasonal adjustments and purchases being brought forward. However, in light of other recent growth data there are doubts. In terms of USD reaction, as both of these are growth measures, there is the chance that the USD
sees a similar inverse reaction like we’ve seen with other growth measures in recent weeks. We’ll also need to keep Fed speak on the radar after the explosive comments from Fed’s Bullard a well as the subsequent ‘sources’ pieces in Bloomberg and CNBC trying to talk back his comments. Stern push back could be enough to pressure the USD, while comments confirming a 50bsp hike should be supportive. We’ll also get the FOMC meeting minutes for Jan, but with recent developments and Fed speak after the meeting it might be old news. The other big development to watch will be Russia\Ukraine tensions with the US media sparking renewed fears of an invasion. Any risk off flows from further fears of invasion or actual escalations should be supportive for the USD as the world’s reserve currency and a safe haven, while strong de-escalation is expected to be negative.