USD
FUNDAMENTAL BIAS: BULLISH
1. Monetary Policy
The Jan FOMC decision was hawkish on multiple fronts. The statement signalled a March hike as expected, but Chair Powell portrayed a very hawkish tone. Even though Powell said they can’t predict the rate path with certainty, he stressed the economy is in much better shape compared to the 2015 cycle and that will have implications for the pace of hikes (more and faster). Furthermore, he explained that there is ‘quite a bit of room’ to raise rates without damaging employment, which suggests upside risks to the rate path. A big question going into the meeting was how concerned the Fed was about recent equity market volatility. But the Chair explained that markets and financial conditions are reflecting policy changes in advance and that in aggregate the measures they look at isn’t showing red lights. Thus, any ‘Fed Put’ is much further away and inflation is the Fed’s biggest concern right now. The Chair also didn’t rule out the possibility of a 50bsp hike in March or possibly hiking at every meeting this year, which was hawkish as it means the Fed wants optionality to move more aggressive if they need to. We didn’t get new info on the balance sheet and Powell reiterated that they’re contemplating a start of QT after hiking has begun and they’ll discuss this in coming meetings. Overall, the tone and language were a lot more hawkish than the Dec meeting and more hawkish than consensus was expecting.
2. Global & Domestic Economy
As the reserve currency, the USD’s global usage means it’s usually inversely correlated to the global economy and global trade. The USD usually appreciates when growth & inflation slow (disinflation) and depreciates when growth & inflation accelerates (reflation). Thus, current expectations of a cyclical slowdown (and possible stagflation) are good for the Dollar. Incoming data will be watched in relation to the ‘Fed Put’ as there are many similarities between now and 4Q18, where the Fed were also tightening into a slowdown. If growth data slows and the Fed stays hawkish it’s a positive for the USD, once the Fed pivots dovish that’ll be a negative for the USD.
3. CFTC Analysis
The USD remains a net-long across major participants, but with price action looking stretched and with peak hawkishness for the Fed arguably close with >6 hikes priced, the risk to reward of chasing USD strength is not very attractive right now. Continued stagflation and geopolitical risks it mean that stretched positioning might not be as important as usual. JP Morgan also shared some stats that suggest the USD has a historical tendency to strengthen in the 6 months going into a first hike but then to weaken during the 6 months directly after a first hike. This is an interesting phenomenon which is worth keeping in mind given the USD’s recent performance.
4. The Week Ahead
The week ahead for the USD will be dominated by ongoing geopolitical tensions as well as the incoming FOMC meeting. On the geopolitical front, escalation and de-escalation will affect safe haven flows which means it will remain an important driver for the USD, especially with rising commodity prices also stoking growing fears of stagflation. On the FOMC side, a 25bsp hike is fully priced, but markets still have a lot to think about as the March meeting will be accompanied by an updated Summary of Economic Projections, where the markets want to see how the dots have changed (previous meeting showed 3 hikes for 2022). STIR markets currently priced in close to 7 hikes, so anything below 5 ought to be seen as dovish. During his recent testimony, Powell said that markets have responded to their guidance with good transmission and have priced in a much higher tightening path, so
if their tone and comments alone have done so much heavy lifting there isn’t much reason for them to suddenly ease off on that. It’s true that the Ukraine/Russia war does add uncertainty, but with the US economy and financial sector far less exposed to Russia compared to Europe, the biggest ‘risk’ from the geopolitical situation is higher commodity prices that feeds into higher inflation expectations. Thus, even though the war adds uncertainty (and the Fed is likely going to say that it does) there is very little reason for them to ease off right now, especially with political pressures building going into the mid-terms. But won’t the Fed be concerned with asset markets by coming across even more hawkish? Despite growth concerns, a war in Europe, global sanctions, additional commodity supply shocks and expectations for 6 Fed hikes and QT, if the S&P is down less than 14% with all of that going on it means that any ‘Fed put’ is probably much further away and no need for the bank to change their tone just yet. How far a hawkish Fed can push long-end yields and the USD is up for debate though.
CAD
FUNDAMENTAL BIAS: NEUTRAL
1. Monetary Policy
The BoC did not surprise at their March meeting by hiking rates to 0.50% from 0.25% and continuing the reinvestment phase regarding asset purchases. The bank noted that the Russia/Ukraine war was a new major uncertainty for the economy and that as a result inflation is now expected to be higher in the near-term. They were optimistic about the growth outlook though and reiterated that it expects further interest rate rises will be needed. On the QT side, Gov Macklem noted that around 40% of the bank's bond holdings were due to mature within two years, and suggested that balance sheet could shrink quickly, and also added that they will
discuss ending the reinvestment phase and starting QT at the April meeting. The Governor also said he didn’t rule out the potential for 50bsp rate rises as oil is putting upside pressure on oil, noting that oil prices around $110 per barrel could add another percentage point to inflation. With markets implying close to another 5 hikes this year, we remain cautious on the currency as a slowing US and Canadian economy means the bank should struggle to maintain it’s current hawkish path in the weeks and months ahead.
2. Intermarket Analysis Considerations
Oil’s massive post-covid recovery has been impressive, driven by various factors such as supply & demand (OPEC’s production cuts), strong global demand recovery, and of course ‘higher for longer’ than expected inflation. The geopolitical crisis the world is facing right now have opened up a big push higher in WTI, trading at levels last seen since 2008 last week. With oil prices at these levels the risk to demand destruction and stagflation is higher than ever and means we remain cautious oil in the med-term. Reason for that view is: Synchronised policy tightening from DM central banks targeting demand, slowing growth and inflation, a consensus that is very long oil (growing calls for $100 WTI), very steep backwardation futures curve which usually sees negative forward returns, heightened implied volatility. However, recent geopolitical risks have been a key focus point for oil and means escalation and de-escalation will be important to watch.
3. Global Risk Outlook
As a high-beta currency, the CAD usually benefits from overall positive risk sentiment as well as environments that benefit pro-cyclical assets. Thus, both short-term (immediate) and med-term (underlying) risk sentiment will always be a key consideration for the CAD.
4. CFTC Analysis
We think the recent price action and positioning data has seen the CAD take a very similar path compared to April and Oct 2021 where markets were way too aggressive and optimistic to price in upside for the CAD, only to then see majority of it unwind. However, oil prices remain in focus as a key intermarket driver.
5. The Week Ahead
Markets might once more be getting too bullish on the CAD at the wrong time. The CAD, which has not really been benefiting from the big rise in energy prices, saw quite a jolt higher on Friday after the recent jobs report. At face value it was a good print, but under the hood it there was some negatives. Firstly, even though the headline printed above max expectations, the bulk of the gains were part-time jobs. Furthermore, if we account for last month’s contraction, full-time employment only grew by 40K. This week the calendar has CPI data, where another surprise upside print is expected by some to see an even more hawkish BoC. However, with over 6 hikes once again embedded and priced in STIR markets, and with WTI prices started to show some signs of a slowdown in bullish momentum, the odds are arguably tilted towards a more dovish as opposed to more hawkish BoC in the months ahead. However, the short-term could see further strength in the case of a beat, but we will use any additional upside in the CAD to look for selling opportunities.
FUNDAMENTAL BIAS: BULLISH
1. Monetary Policy
The Jan FOMC decision was hawkish on multiple fronts. The statement signalled a March hike as expected, but Chair Powell portrayed a very hawkish tone. Even though Powell said they can’t predict the rate path with certainty, he stressed the economy is in much better shape compared to the 2015 cycle and that will have implications for the pace of hikes (more and faster). Furthermore, he explained that there is ‘quite a bit of room’ to raise rates without damaging employment, which suggests upside risks to the rate path. A big question going into the meeting was how concerned the Fed was about recent equity market volatility. But the Chair explained that markets and financial conditions are reflecting policy changes in advance and that in aggregate the measures they look at isn’t showing red lights. Thus, any ‘Fed Put’ is much further away and inflation is the Fed’s biggest concern right now. The Chair also didn’t rule out the possibility of a 50bsp hike in March or possibly hiking at every meeting this year, which was hawkish as it means the Fed wants optionality to move more aggressive if they need to. We didn’t get new info on the balance sheet and Powell reiterated that they’re contemplating a start of QT after hiking has begun and they’ll discuss this in coming meetings. Overall, the tone and language were a lot more hawkish than the Dec meeting and more hawkish than consensus was expecting.
2. Global & Domestic Economy
As the reserve currency, the USD’s global usage means it’s usually inversely correlated to the global economy and global trade. The USD usually appreciates when growth & inflation slow (disinflation) and depreciates when growth & inflation accelerates (reflation). Thus, current expectations of a cyclical slowdown (and possible stagflation) are good for the Dollar. Incoming data will be watched in relation to the ‘Fed Put’ as there are many similarities between now and 4Q18, where the Fed were also tightening into a slowdown. If growth data slows and the Fed stays hawkish it’s a positive for the USD, once the Fed pivots dovish that’ll be a negative for the USD.
3. CFTC Analysis
The USD remains a net-long across major participants, but with price action looking stretched and with peak hawkishness for the Fed arguably close with >6 hikes priced, the risk to reward of chasing USD strength is not very attractive right now. Continued stagflation and geopolitical risks it mean that stretched positioning might not be as important as usual. JP Morgan also shared some stats that suggest the USD has a historical tendency to strengthen in the 6 months going into a first hike but then to weaken during the 6 months directly after a first hike. This is an interesting phenomenon which is worth keeping in mind given the USD’s recent performance.
4. The Week Ahead
The week ahead for the USD will be dominated by ongoing geopolitical tensions as well as the incoming FOMC meeting. On the geopolitical front, escalation and de-escalation will affect safe haven flows which means it will remain an important driver for the USD, especially with rising commodity prices also stoking growing fears of stagflation. On the FOMC side, a 25bsp hike is fully priced, but markets still have a lot to think about as the March meeting will be accompanied by an updated Summary of Economic Projections, where the markets want to see how the dots have changed (previous meeting showed 3 hikes for 2022). STIR markets currently priced in close to 7 hikes, so anything below 5 ought to be seen as dovish. During his recent testimony, Powell said that markets have responded to their guidance with good transmission and have priced in a much higher tightening path, so
if their tone and comments alone have done so much heavy lifting there isn’t much reason for them to suddenly ease off on that. It’s true that the Ukraine/Russia war does add uncertainty, but with the US economy and financial sector far less exposed to Russia compared to Europe, the biggest ‘risk’ from the geopolitical situation is higher commodity prices that feeds into higher inflation expectations. Thus, even though the war adds uncertainty (and the Fed is likely going to say that it does) there is very little reason for them to ease off right now, especially with political pressures building going into the mid-terms. But won’t the Fed be concerned with asset markets by coming across even more hawkish? Despite growth concerns, a war in Europe, global sanctions, additional commodity supply shocks and expectations for 6 Fed hikes and QT, if the S&P is down less than 14% with all of that going on it means that any ‘Fed put’ is probably much further away and no need for the bank to change their tone just yet. How far a hawkish Fed can push long-end yields and the USD is up for debate though.
CAD
FUNDAMENTAL BIAS: NEUTRAL
1. Monetary Policy
The BoC did not surprise at their March meeting by hiking rates to 0.50% from 0.25% and continuing the reinvestment phase regarding asset purchases. The bank noted that the Russia/Ukraine war was a new major uncertainty for the economy and that as a result inflation is now expected to be higher in the near-term. They were optimistic about the growth outlook though and reiterated that it expects further interest rate rises will be needed. On the QT side, Gov Macklem noted that around 40% of the bank's bond holdings were due to mature within two years, and suggested that balance sheet could shrink quickly, and also added that they will
discuss ending the reinvestment phase and starting QT at the April meeting. The Governor also said he didn’t rule out the potential for 50bsp rate rises as oil is putting upside pressure on oil, noting that oil prices around $110 per barrel could add another percentage point to inflation. With markets implying close to another 5 hikes this year, we remain cautious on the currency as a slowing US and Canadian economy means the bank should struggle to maintain it’s current hawkish path in the weeks and months ahead.
2. Intermarket Analysis Considerations
Oil’s massive post-covid recovery has been impressive, driven by various factors such as supply & demand (OPEC’s production cuts), strong global demand recovery, and of course ‘higher for longer’ than expected inflation. The geopolitical crisis the world is facing right now have opened up a big push higher in WTI, trading at levels last seen since 2008 last week. With oil prices at these levels the risk to demand destruction and stagflation is higher than ever and means we remain cautious oil in the med-term. Reason for that view is: Synchronised policy tightening from DM central banks targeting demand, slowing growth and inflation, a consensus that is very long oil (growing calls for $100 WTI), very steep backwardation futures curve which usually sees negative forward returns, heightened implied volatility. However, recent geopolitical risks have been a key focus point for oil and means escalation and de-escalation will be important to watch.
3. Global Risk Outlook
As a high-beta currency, the CAD usually benefits from overall positive risk sentiment as well as environments that benefit pro-cyclical assets. Thus, both short-term (immediate) and med-term (underlying) risk sentiment will always be a key consideration for the CAD.
4. CFTC Analysis
We think the recent price action and positioning data has seen the CAD take a very similar path compared to April and Oct 2021 where markets were way too aggressive and optimistic to price in upside for the CAD, only to then see majority of it unwind. However, oil prices remain in focus as a key intermarket driver.
5. The Week Ahead
Markets might once more be getting too bullish on the CAD at the wrong time. The CAD, which has not really been benefiting from the big rise in energy prices, saw quite a jolt higher on Friday after the recent jobs report. At face value it was a good print, but under the hood it there was some negatives. Firstly, even though the headline printed above max expectations, the bulk of the gains were part-time jobs. Furthermore, if we account for last month’s contraction, full-time employment only grew by 40K. This week the calendar has CPI data, where another surprise upside print is expected by some to see an even more hawkish BoC. However, with over 6 hikes once again embedded and priced in STIR markets, and with WTI prices started to show some signs of a slowdown in bullish momentum, the odds are arguably tilted towards a more dovish as opposed to more hawkish BoC in the months ahead. However, the short-term could see further strength in the case of a beat, but we will use any additional upside in the CAD to look for selling opportunities.